I 


MASTER 
NEGATIVE 

NO.  91-80203 


' 


MICROFILMED  1991 
COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES/NEW  YORK 


a 


as  part  of  the 
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i 

I 


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AUTHOR: 


I 

I 

I 


BROWN,  JOHN  NEWMAN 


I 


TITLE: 


i 


EPITHETS  IN  VERGIL'S 

AENEID 

PLACE: 

CHICAGO 

DA  TE : 

1906 


w 

m 
m 


I 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DEPARTMENT 


Master  Negative  # 


BIBLIOGRAPHIC  MICROFORM  TARGET 


Original  Material  as  Filmed  -  IZxisting  Uibliographic  Record 


Restrictions  on  Use: 


87\T. 
DP  5 


BroTOi,    John  J<ewman, 

tli  ' '  T.i"'^  TT""  ''•°™  •       Chicago       Se 
"^  P-J..,   2-32  numb,   leaves.        27>^  cm 

Interleaved. 


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TECHNICAL  MICROFORM  DATA 


FILM     SIZE: A^_>??JS^_  REDUCTION     RATIO: 

IMAGE  PLACEMENT:    lA  ^^  IB     IIB 

DATE     FILMED: A.d3.'Lfl.     INITIALS__^i^i?^ 

RLMEDBY:    RESEARCH  PUBLICATIONS.  INC  WOODBRIDGE.  CT 


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MRNUFfiCTURED   TO   flllM   STfiNDRRDS 
BY   PPPLIED   IMPIGE,    INC. 


CHARLES  KNAPP 
LIBRARY 

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••talttod  to  th.  Moiiltiae  of  tlm  Oraiuata  Schoo 

of 

Art«,  Lltaraturo  ancl  goionoe 

in  candidacy     or  tha  Oagwe  ol  llaater  of  Arts. 

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tlm  iBaln  pMtfMe  In  oonslderlng  tlio  eplth^ste  of  tha  Aanoid 
frill  be  (1)   tp  ntta  tha  diff«Mm«  ginoral  typMp  (2)   to  dlsouss 
briefly  th«  ro-^rticulax  naturo  aiJ4  Vilno  of  o«oh  noymrmto  tfpi  fith 
probablo  subdivisions ,   (3)   to  tabcili.is  so  far  as  oay  bo  posslbla  all 
ths  saDos  whsrs  thi!>ss  splthots  ooouss 

It  should  bf3  said  in  ths  outaet  that  in  any  olassif  loation  that 
uiay  bo  arranged  dlffloulty  will  bo  iinoount^rod  in  gottinr:  olaa»- 
out  divisions,       6om<%  opithota  might  bf^plas  od  tmdsr  oithor  of  tM 
1:yp«s  ana  thi  foeUin^r,  1b  fraquontiy  so  Labiguouo  tlmt   it   1b  dlffi* 
oult  to  state  poaitivcly  to  vhich  they  raaily  baiong,  but  I  shall 
have  oocaaion  to  oail  attcintion  to  ^  hla  j>oint  latM# 


-  Crr^-c^^-cv^tJo^-wW?-''  ^^Ui^^i^, 


) 


■aturaiiy  in  any  g^'^raral  diaOKS  ion  of  tho  apithata  hera  usad 
by  ?oxsil|  tlMiM  •pplying  to  Aanaas  will  fall  in  the  aoBt  frocinmt 
position,  anvi  roquiro  a  oor.Gidarablo  anount  of  attention,  and|  for 
this  rsason,  1  bogia  tho  siibjdot  wliih  the  considaration  of  this 
olaea. 

Suoh  apithate  as  •fidus  Aohatas'^  "Pius  Aansis*  and  parhaps 
^alta  Pora*,  '>to.|  are  oallod  •oonv*mtional*,  i*t«t  ussd  predoul* 
imntly  in  a  forrml  manjiori  without  ubaoiute  regard  for  tha  roai 

iiituation,  |^,  ftjLJx..^^^^^^^^^^^. 

Atsnoau  io  oallsd  firsts  *viruin* ,  Xlna  1|  thtsn  ^Inaignaa  platato 
viruKi»,  line  10|  •Aonaas^  in  lino  0JJt  128,  170,  180;  and^E2u  of 
Boole  1\   ho  10  oallod  •plus*  and  thaiioo  ho  io  oallod  liy  thin  and 
other  3pithotJi  In  varying  iroportlon  to  tha  nd  of  ths  poam.   Ho 
is  tf^fnTT^6.   to  as  •Atnoas*  slKrly, without  oplthdt  on»  hundred  and 
iixty  soven  tlras^and  for  tha  bonaflt  of  those  who  »ay  wish  to 
aOBzpara  th<3  Inistanoea  whors  O]  ithstii  aro  uood  with  thosci  whni« 
thay  are  not,  w®  tshali  j^ivo  thaod  iJi  full.   •Aanaas*  ooaurs 


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r-  ^t  htm  Hirif*'  i>e    ..  :>  {li  ml  |l  jt.  . . 

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m%  •pittef  m  follow  I 

m^u    m,  UB,  bo,  160/ Sii,  4si;  4se,  4;i,  bud.  s44.  575. 

see,  617,  631,  643,  667,  709,   715t 

Book  III       ua<id  only  onoo  and  tlimt  with  'Pat or,* 

Book  IlXt      41,   97,  388* 

Book  IVi      74,   117,   1/JJ,  180,   192,  0iO,  S79,   304,   529,   564,   671 

Book  Yt      1,   44^00^   129^  aaS^  301,  sei,  485,   675,   531,   708,   741, 
^55,  004,   809,   850. 

Book  Vlt     40,   15C>»  lis,  210,  aM»  id.,  ^91,  317,  224,  467,   475, 
539,   548,   569,  Ste,  685,   7,0o,   711,   860, 

Book  VII t      255,   107,  884,  86S,   £!«»,  S88,  310. 

Book  Vlllt      li,   67,  rS,   126,   182,   178,   188,  208,   3il,   380,   463, 
♦35,   496,    D53,   586. 

Book  II:      «,   61,   97,   177,   If®,  BZ6,  241,   448. 

Book  Z:      25,   48,  65,   81,   85,    147,  217,   329,   887,   311,   313,  338, 
MS,  404,   511,   530,   566,  578,  gf^,   037,   647,   S40,  656,   6C.1.   769.   776 
737,   786,   808,   809,  616,   063,   87S,   B"4,   896. 

Bock   nt      2,   86,  T8,  95,   180,  28:!,  889,   442,   446,   811,   908. 

Book  XII-      65.   lOB.   195,  323.   SSa,  384,   399,   426,   481,   491,   505, 
K!6,   540,   554,   580,  026,  654.   078,   74^,   760,   77iJ,   7tS,   687.   919,939. 

•Pluo  lonaas*   it   laaa  twanty  tim'B  mm  folium i 

St  820,  306,  3T8t  Tfx  393|  T:  Zt,  286,  41«,  685 J  VIi  S,  1T6, 
832»  Vlll  5t  Vint  841  IX,  25  }  Xt  591,  7G3,  836f  XItl70|  Xllf 
175,  511. 

•Pat^r    Aona&6*  oer-ure  tironty  tlaM  «•  fol.*..,     Xt  580,  699t 
Hi  8;      im  54S,  7161     Vi   IS),  348,  461,   545,  700,  MTf     7Xn,29, 
116,  6061      IX,    1721      XX,172.   184,   904,      XI1|   166,   440,  697. 

•Itata  daa"  o«our«  only  tan  tl;::««|         J,,  682,  816  j     11,889,  XII 1 
8t4,  485t     tVt  360|     Vl   383,   474.  70»|     7IIX|  68) 


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■  v^v.  ,?i^  ^Ci?,a  ,at^  t^^^^  *o^'"^  ,111  |:M*  t--*  ■■•' 
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th.  ~  %im  mmm  %ti  ^i^"^     ^p 


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It  i»  oaXlod  "magiiiisf/ f lV0   ticioi,  ^DarOanua*  four,  'teta  s&n-* 
£;ula«  (iivum'i  "laagnaBms* ,  dux  Trolai.uft*  ^  "bonus* ,  'Ingdnfl*^  dto.» 
los;    than  four  tiiu^Q  o&ohi   t^mKlng  Ir   all  nlnaty^iiivon  uses  with 
nylthet. 

Thus  it  will  ba  8o  m  that  out  of  th^  two  hundrsd  and  sixty-four 
tiiios  Aonaa?j  ie  reforr;d  to,  apitT>^3l»  ara  \isod  in  thirty-six  p'^r  cent* 
of  thorn,   and  •pluB*  ooTurs  in  only  tight  per  oont.   of  tha  wholo,  and 
of  ali   the  oasaa  irticrt  ipltheta  oocur,  •Plus*  and  "patar*  oocur  only 
about  onoa  in  thirtean,  and  "nate  dia*   Just  half  aa  ofton. 

Tha  epithet  "piuB* ,  hcwavar,  oai'rias  greater  weight  than  any 
of  the  others,  though  it  occurs  oo  saioh  loss  fr^qujntly  than  w» 
fihould  ou'    ose.       The  first  time  ii  Is  used  is  In  Book  I  after  the 
stOTiQ  when  the  i;hi|>0  have  bom  drawi.  into  the  quiet     rcoeso  amd 
the  sailors,  after  a  haarty     aal   of  vanison  and  wine,   have  stratohed 
thoiaseives  upon  the  grasBj   then  ttiii*  ^gin  to  bawail  tha  los«  of 
their  frionda  and  eaiociaiiy  jLoa«  tha  •piuis  Aenaas*.         Just  before 
thie  Aaneao  had  oliabed  upon  tha   rocks  and  anxiouiily   soanned  the 
aea  for  traoae  of  hii^  friends,   but  Vargil  calls  hiir.  simply  •Aenaas*, 
In  th3  naxt   instanoe,   I,   305,   ha   lie  fj  awake  »revolvi«g  Hmy  thin^,s* 
8Lnd  detonrJning  that  on  the  morrow  lie  would  find  out  upon  what  shore 
they  had  oome.       This  hau  nothing  %i   do  with  •plotas*  neoessarlly, 
yet  he  Is  called  •pius  Aeneas*   in  tliis  conneotion.       In  I,  378, 
followinr-  olosely  the  abova  aituaticn,  Tonus  inejte  hln  and  inquires 
his  naae  and  country.       He  answars,    "sui&  pius  Aeneas*   etc.,   (Cf« 
Odyssey,   IX, 19)   amd  says  further  thfit  he   is  seeking  his  country, 
Italy,         Kara  the  epithet  is  soiiiswlAt  mora  appmpxiate  to  the  thought 

flis  othor  situations  axe  siisilai   to  those  aboye  fiTeii«       fiys  o  i 
th®  twenty  refer  to  funeraa  rites  ard  grief  for  friends j   six  refer 
dlvsetly  to  prayers  to  tha  godis  and  the  fulftllnoiit  of  dsstiayi  ons 


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n-i^ 


^rtQk^tef  -roc  etffl-    a   ^am^ank  m$iq^  bf^ilm  ms.  mi  If  ? 

s^^ry^A     :i/l(    -Y^irs*    ,  a%i«r«ilJI  tf        tft#«i«M}  l>nji    tiiMlfi  till 

^      ««#ir£s  swi^A  pmdt  of  isXiKsiif  irx*  «iiQi-"miiljt»  %»M0  &dM 

'  -'"^^  i<  1  t#t«»  iiiivl^^  ot  Xitel  ffiwvt  mi 


'JU'Aj.     p^c-  '     AV-l  10  ,  ^  1  1 


■l-  ■Jfc.'-'^  •*.> 


Is  used  wh«r«  tio  trlee  to  maka  paa««  itftar  the  brcilcen  treaty  with 
lAtiimB*  »nd  IJvandor,  wtion  ho  1©  iBouxiiiiig  th©  doMh  of  PailaSf 
forooaats  the  panalty  tumiis  ia  to  psjf  at  tha  handa  of  the  •plus 
itnea©*;  and  aoven  a<ia«  to  tova  no  op-iolal  losal  sirnifloaneo. 

Now  it  night  bo  urged  that  slnoe   this  sipltliet  hae  not  always  a 
loeal  slgnifloanoo,  it  19  bald  and  Int]   xopriata,  but  this  objootion 
Is  not  ^3(>iind,  ovan  with  amy  oonvtmtloriaX  arith^st.       In  tha  beet 
oharaotorlaationst  t^mf  davloea  are  rasortod  to  to  produce  rdoognis- 
abXe  f^tureo,  oven  though  these  features  aay  not  be  always  ;  iod- 
izidiit,       Wa  Am^rloan©!  for  Iristanoo,  Imva  shown  a  pardonable  fondnooe 
for  a.iiyinc  optthate  to  our  grant  vmrriors,  even  thoush  the  oc-neo- 
tion  bo  v^ry  trita  and  inooii»lstant#         It  would  be  vsty  inaocurate 
ar.d  unfair  to  aay  that  "i  iua*  Is  an  iJMipiropriate  and  outworn  ax- 

* 

pie©  ion,  unless  IS  ooiild  rid  our  own  spseoh  of  the  tendenoy  to  the 
U£JO  of  the  oilthet,  thoxigh,  of  ooursi't  o^^^  higher  forms  of  lltorature 
do  not  contain  oo  moh  of  It* 

the  awarage  atudont  do^a  not  t'^M.  more  than  the  first  six  bock© 
Si:  the  Aeneld,  henoe  »0ats  the  splthit  »viU0«  only  elsfsn  tliaso  at 
tJis  ©oet,  ^^et  tie  usually  thin|{e  of  A^aieoa  in  somiootion  with  this 
word,  80  that  thare  naiBt  be  some  fortie  either  in  tlie  situation  or 
in  the  epithet  to  or3ate  thia  i»|«esaiont       The  fact  iBf  the  whole 
poe^  is  so  ful-.  of  this  thing  that  w«)  \mconBciou«ly  raoognifte  in 
nearly  all  tliat  Aenoa^*  dooe^this  iuldlng  irinciple  of  hlB  life, 
rsprouentod  iBf  »pius»,  and  ?/hQtlvjr  h<i  Is  dSBorlbed  by  thio  to  our 
Silt isfUSt ion  or  not,  hB  la  evidently  wtet  Tergil  Intended  him  te  %s*^ 
a  heroic  exaiapla  of  the  Boran  idea  O!^  •pletaB.^ 


H 


u 


•Mmi 


A  teacher  of  Yorgil  waw  aakod  rooenfcly.  as  a  test  of  thia  |>oint, 
how  Eiany  tlneB  "piua^  ooourrad  in  th)  first  six  books*       She  re- 
plisd  that  ona  hundred  would  be  a  safe  ei?ftiiaat0» 


So  far  a©  not  or  is  conoomod     in  V^rg*^'®  mbo  of  •yiuis*,  tho 
ef  *  ot  13  pm»^ti«aily  tli«  sano  thro^itotitt       Xn  nlxto-in  of  th?5 
tif'iTity  ti  «n  it   Ifl  uoed»  it  stands  in  flm  eamn  fo^ltion  near  th« 
fiTBt  of  the  lina— -aa  naar  in  faot  as  pOBeibluN- *pr306dr3i  by  movm 
Bonosyllabla ,  ao  *tur*,   or  •at*,       fh<ife  is  aorie  «vidanoo  tiiat  this 
plaoinf:  of  tha  ot  ithot  niaar  tho  begiiiiiiiig  of  tho  lino  is  intondad 
to  throw  spooial  ^mpkaiiia  on  tho  epitaot  or  on  th»  pariaonaiity  of  tho 
haro,  for  this  la  an  aaiiy  ocotoination  aad  oouXd  bo  i;iac«d  lator  in 
tho  lina,         Tli<3  oonnoctivoE.  "turn*,  <ito»|  usua.-«y  bogin  a  now  turn 
In  the  axproatiion  and  ofton  show  Mmmm  rtOii\g  to  an  oooanion  r 


parod  for  by  what  prooadoi/  \ 

tho  fact  that   this  ooMO  mmx  tto  first  of  tho  line  doo©  no* 
SLT^xm  that  tho  firet  pool t ion  io  mor«  prominant  than  the  last, 
l>eomtiS3  tho  longth  of  tha  ByllabXos  is  auoh  tiiat   it  would  ba  rathat 
diffioult  to  arrange  for  •!  itio  Afmoao*  to  oIdoq  th«  line.         •fiduo 
AchatoB*  ixnA  sova^ai  othor  opttliots  fall  uniforr^y  at  tuQ  last  of 
tho  V  roe. 

In  noarly  ovoary  oooOy   it  la  tliO  author  hii.*.4ilf  who  oa.^s  Aanoa© 
•liiiat    Wfl^  could  oaoiiy  oca  why  it  oculd  not  bo  uood  in  tiO  Yooativopb 
btjt  th?>r«  io  no  ap^aront  roaaon  ^Thy  cth  :r  ohar  ctoro  in  tha  bock 
should  not  oal.   him  tio.         As  a  uiatter  of  faot,  only  thr^i     sp^ak 
of  hira  thuat      ^tallUH  at  tlio  gmmu^  V,4ia|        AlJt.oe,   as  tlio  tfro 
yc;uths  aro  starting  fror:  tha  fortr^fif   to  Inform  Aanoab  of  tha  up- 
rifting  of  T\irmiB,  IX,S5'' i  and  by  !^ar dor,  XI ,   170. 

Blngiaarly  anonglii  •Pat^r  Aonaaii'   ii5  liood  oxaotly  as  nany  tiaoo 
ait  •Plus  Aon^ao*  and  in  exactly  tho  i^aaio  r^^^ition  with  r«iforcnos 
to  the  aatar,  all  exoapt  two  of  tha  lnonty  casoe  falling  Roar  tho 
firet  of  tha  v  roO|  wldoh  baglna  naoiiSBaxily  with  a  monosyi^labla , 
ail  was  tho  oaoa  with  •piua*.       this  (p>itliot,  too»  ia  uotd  by  tho 


m 


^0     rr-.  ■    iV»..in*S.>?    iiX, 


Vi 


>t\J  X.  J  1.  .V 


^  ^t    ^/i  'i  oe 


?'>«6^X',j'«»**  ;.*...* 


P     rtP 


r.*i 


-rrr 


«4 


■^).    f 


i«*i>*     cii ,  3* 


'^    is-. 


\-«;;*i^ 


&/'?'•'?•>» 


ijB(: 


iii^e^/    DC? 


y » , 


uT/^'        .{i    QJ8    ^e,.  / 


s:   \>i 


•i' 


c', 


,.£  it.  fc 


*'l»i 


'•^I'lJUl    W'OXIl  #    o  ? 


**#  «•  »*  iiifi'  ttf 


•  9itfc.i   edit 
••''0    «til,t     ^  ,  .,,.1    Q^ 

,  .,  .mm  mm 


:m  ot 


'"^'  '\:.il'ai'" 


tjiti 


.nm «' Y 


4W  • 


^         •#•'  'tfiif  .lii0  #««  I.,      .-■■■fa 


» 


•.uthor  and  rarely.  If  ©Tor,  by  iiny  charaotor  an  eclated  irlth  laneaSp 

ta  the  flmt  instance,  1,  8SC,  iharti  Aanoas  and  Aohataa  are 
Cfcnooaled  by  a  cloud  whllo  their  atc^ry  la  b^lnr;  told  to   Dido,  Voi^ 
gll  hln©6lf  spoaka  of  lilr;  a*  •p«atar  Aentjaa*,  \Mt   whan  iohatao  ad- 
dvear^oa  hln  Ir.  tlio  noxt  inataiitf  h^  oaiie  hiii.  •nato  doa*  inetoad  ©f 
•pat(jr*»   In  the  sooond  situation,  Dido  Is  taatad,  nady  to  haar 
111©  8tory?  aha  16  oaliad  •ro^lna*,  ha,  •Pator  Aon^as*.   Tlie  third 
and  fourth  InBtanota  are  pr*ctlaa^i>^  ropatitiona  of  the  aaoond,  but 
a  greater  varioty  la  found  in  BooK  V»  Uotj   it  is  •Pat^r  Aon  ris« 
tlMlt  orcots  t]v3  i^oai  for  the  boat  rivoe,  or  xronounoas  verdlot  at 
tho  close  of  the  foot  race.    Bnte-.ius  had  ap^ken  of  hiia  as  •piue 


/ 


,  btit  '7hon  the  boxing  rjatoh  lietw^m  D^tan  and  !5ntallu3  be- 
©erioua,  it  was  'pater  Aanaap*  who  put  an  end  to  It.         *?ater 
AeneiB*  natndB  Erytidee  to  call  ABOajiltie  to  na)re  r'^ady  for  the  boya* 
cavalry  display j   than  when  the  woman  liava  sot  fire  tc  the  ship* 
and  •]  iua  Aanoas*  has  prayed  to  Jup  itor  tc  put  out  the  fire,  'pater 
Aenaass*,  fjcnewhat  ditiheartered  by  tliiir  r>artial  aielortuiie,  ooneldera 
whether  he  shall  go  on  or  abide  thexe. 

This  tersi  as  woi™  as  •piu8'   raoait  far  r.oro  to  the  Roman  tliBM 
it  oan  to  us  booauae  their  institutlcna  w  ro  dlf '"erant.       Two  sit-» 

uatlons  art)  IntaroBting  anoiigh  to  nstei     in  II,   184,  Aenaas  and 

■i 
tarohon  ber^ln  th5  burial  of  thr^ir  djal,  and  though  on  sirailar  oeoa- 

slons,  he  ime  usually  •piuo*,  he  is  here  called  'pater',  but  in 

XII,fft 


Btirple  origs 

leatibua  arrds 
altc^ra  Roi:;a,' 


(L 


the  MMlng  is  olearly  apiaroprlate. 

Ib  this  oonneotlon  a  elKilar  referenoe  amy  be  aade  with  regard 
li  •pins'  wliioh  il.ustratss  th6»  situation  wilt  H,  17B\ 


^-   rnrit 


fMtt':.   ait 


'/;*x.fe?^f    vtv 


Otfi     hif»[i: 


:u^  f 


n  mt  al 


'>jt 


I 


y  tQbxa  o: 


» 


^^SlAiMill§:|> 


='^  •JiJIiwv  1:1,4 


'"  I •■  4r  .* 


r 


I     its 


...X-. 


.«) 


■■■■  A  ''f ' 


f'ffc' ' 


t:  .Xi 


.fy 


-'»,'} 


.ft 


'•iV  ('    V 


4 


t  . 


-  "   tiK 


•X'*    .: 


^'^^    '^^'    ■-  ''    P-«^'-     *'^t0'f!ft] 


.Ct.  m 


'-toaot   ,o/rif,» 


<t<>-it  n 


*  -^t 


'^^'^   i'-.-Ui     Iff*  ■■••,  .:::v.feo 


W        V'iif* 


I      • 


■■■#■•€  «ir  O't  JIA0  ft 


:«    !£■' 


^'X     «Jt,v;^j- 


Mi#  Stf  ^«icC 


■*t      &.«      .\.ijr 


••Ive 


*^fi'. 


.«INMlA  .IMTrAiA      .ft' 


f, 


'^AH^J   .4v' 


J3t. 


'V'V!'--4i>> 


m^\ 


fhiP  line  might  ba  takan  an  a  baslu  for  an  ojcplanation  of  tha  goii«- 
oral  idda  of  "pius^-^iaighty  in  dwoxd  iuad  pietaa. 

Hie  father  was  oalldd  •patar  Anghlica*  luitil  hia  iiait>|:.  than     X 
Aonsaui  b^gan  to  bo  oaliact  •imt«r*— -not  bofor«.    ^    In  Bock  ?|  whioh 
is  Itivotoa  tolho  gaata  In  honor  of  Ancii^o»|  Aoaaaa  i&  oallM  •pater* 


indisorlrrateiy  and  a  groator  nuxabcfX  of  times  than  in  any  two  be  ka 
olftovhare. 

•Patar  Aeftiaa*  is  tiood  in  oonnooti  w  with  Dido,   though  not  In 
Bock  IV,   ;^hil<*.  •plus"  i©  nerciT  ui»ad  with  her,  «xo«rt  whan  Aeneas 
ie  r/x^^in,rix\^,  to  l<5ava  in  obaiionoo  to  the  divinitiao. 

Next  in  imi  ortanoa  to  tho  two  eptttiets  above  r:ivon,  ie  •nate  doa* 
whioh  oooiiTB  to:,  timoa—- juat  half  as  aauny  tii.<iiS«^-<Mcid  noarijr  all  of 
the  ton  oaaeif  ooaur  In  tho  first  bXm.  bookei       twios  in  Book  I,  onoa 


in  Book  II,  twio^  in  Book  III|   onoe  in  Book  IV,  and  thtae  tl:  Ov 
Book  V,  It  ooouxis  only  oiio«  af  t  ^r  thia,  in  Book  VIII. 

tn  six  inetano:?*  ot;t  of  the  ton,*nat«  daa»  begins  tho 
three  fal.   In  the  aaoond  foot  and  the  other  in  the  thiird, 
fall  toward  the  last  part  of  the  linoi  ae 
•pluB*  and  •pater** 


in 


nctiooi  in  regard  to 


He  lo  eallod  by  this  naue  always  in  the  vooatlve  and  necessarily 
by  B  me  oharaoter  in  the  book,  simh  as  Sntel'^tis,  Aolmtee,  Heotor^s 
Orhcst,  and  even  Dido,   fhe  natar  is  r ^sponsible  for  this  vooativa 
use  doubtless >  for  •natua  doa*  would  be  an  unusual  oocbination  andf 
ualosB  the  words  could  be  separatod,  whioh  is  not  oomui  i  with  ir^ 
f^rtant  opltliota,  its  use  would  have  to  be  avoided*   lot  only  are 
theso  r;  ithoto  raroly  separated  but  thif  also  pxdosde  their  ncuna, 
whioh  oottpiitates  this  use  &tili  Miro« 

fli|i:  :|tf.tuatiiiil^''  in  partiaulai'  are  no  saora  striking  and  ap  ropriate 


,  *:|^^fm"';-f  *    'ft'?--'  r->--    nt*^.t¥%^ 


•  tj     y  OiX-* 


■*,  --niJiitt  ml'  tiffin  tiiil-  •ifflp 


>*  '■ 


5;  »■.  r-  -:     A 


'*.-;:■ 


-.-.I,  jr 


f^^i^O     ,^     i..'.i; 


iji    tr~  ~ 


Oil* 


Ai       t . 


t 


{«3f'vO0    JC 


ii;*ci.i*o 


.n  ^^oa  fii  ©oi,o  ,111   :. --H.    ,^      (.1.;.;  ,,ii  mm,  mk 


0^ 


■•t  i^^TR  t<>©>  jj„ai 


'«t  I A  ••trft 


^•c 


-*»  a*-  ,  t/'  . .    ' 


•ii<i/t  i^aja  •v 


•IpirXa  iwiifiif 


'«JL  X j9ib'    is  X     nfl 


ci»A   t< 


'j$  «i« 


'Si.        ^» '     ;•  . 


V  -9  .\ 


■-.'.  llf   tilt    :-      '  ::^ 


tOiv    a  A,    ^Oi:U     ^l^^til/' 


mB  Xiao  tc«       U>^ioHA  %fi  ot  t»v>  gg^  jit|  ^nt^ 

,OTOi£  .*,iti  tiiv  ^tittlt  ••tar  ^^ -■■•■"-;©■  lte:JWlf 


iii  'lA£jit4lhMl!i 


iitiiij|l«  «ifl 


with  thlc,   than  irlth  tht  ttlieT  epithoti ,   iKtnoa,  'W9  tflMll  not  glv«  tlmi 
In  dlttail.       T!mi  SMond  u»#f  I,  015^  pt^n^ntB  a  oontrmet,  r>erhaf0 
intentionally, 

*Quifi5  ta  nate  dda  por  tanta   parimila  oausa  inaaoultur?* 

Tha  mxt|  II,  R80,  ie  sciMiihat  aiciilari  mm  Trc?y  la  biimlpc, 
Haotor  adviaaa  tha  •goaaoaa  toorn»  Ac^naaa  to  fiaa*  laarly  all 

tho  oth^r  oaaaa  rof^r  to  prophaoiaa  and  ar?  thue  fairly  aipropriata* 

•Troluc  HoroB*   is  uaad  tire  tlraai.-  lot  not  until  Book  VI ,  whan 

IWM  iMotti  Dido  in  tha  world  balow  ajrd  in  toary  adcirtiaeau  hex. 

It  i:*ay  hm  well  to  not«  he»r9  that  ha  la  moro  oft  an  aiokan  of  by  eona 

apithat  iM;  lyin^;  hie  frcjan  daaaant»  ir   ooimoction  frith  Dido,   tlym 

other^rlfic— nairor  with  •pius»,  ae  hae  already  baan  notioad,       Vergil 

poai  ibly  f  at  that  betwaan  Wmm  and  Oaxtliage  thirfi  wae  not  only  da9«» 

raoo 
tiny,  but  a  proudar  ^^rtsntagw,   iro-lyini!    i  r- Jtidlo^*         fha  other 

ue>E   cf  »?roius  horoe*   aro   in  battle  ejltuationa,   an^i  aro  Tory  aptly 

uaad*       Tha  rofaranoae   xro»  YI,   45i>  V3II,  530|  X,  5d4|  XI,  8661 

XII,   502, 

This  oplthat  always  oaiwia  at  tho  md  of  tha  ilno  ana  ia  always 

In  tlia  noaiinativo  caea.  Ha  ia  also  oa-iiad  •Troa  Amias^  and 

•TrciuQ  A;moa8«  fliro  tiiijaa,         Othor  nauae  suoh  as>  "Trojanua  dwtt* 

**Da2'danua* ,   ^to,,  which  I  ahal^  not  notioa  hara^  ara  ua«d  oocaaloixal^y 


^/'. 


'yn 


*Ingan8*  which  le  tiaad  twlMi  haa  looe  looal  aigaiflaanoa  in  both 


Ihrandar,  VIXI,  567|  iti  taking:   "Iii^^ana  Aaftaas*  to  a  vary 
MbaXl  (mngiista)  and  hu^jtbla  dwelling  whioh  affords  a  contSMl  tt  Uli 
dignity  oft  ha  guaaty  and  in  Bool:  VI,  12  5 1  Charon  drl^M  tilt  lafgf 
of  Eiawn  hide  to  the  landing  whtra  It^gioans  undor  th«  wiAght*  as 
it  radaifw  tbs  iNMly  of  Hngans  Aonaat},* 

lhii«  tha  aplthots  of  kmmmB  mm  mwf  IbpotI ant ,,  thay  <to  not 
oon«ftituta    fir  on  tli«  ptmtfT  part  of  Hi  iMsraonal,  ©omrantlonal 


.11  •  J  %■ 


.r 


^Jc^.f^.. 


«•-•*' 


i^fo 


•        »> 


T«    ! 


Ijl*."  .*.,  I 


yiii;    r. 


ail'   f 


tt#IS.f1fllll' 


^  Wf    f  ^  N   *• 


<«?'..->.. 


».;j..- 


4n 


,"F 


^5^ 


.r-      » 


0  i>njft 


.U 


i*i.v   jior  ,iv    tei:i*.  iiefi 


., ,  % 


'qt 


«.  .-..I 


r*'("vr^       T 


\i     f»*i*    ftft 


•n      ^^Kj" 


i^'*» 


«t  .1  jt 


■■*-^^t  PTtl^  ^HKeii^A  fc-, 


«  ' 


•» 


t-^SR 


'e-'^Jfc*  c 


•  II9S.II9 


^-14 


.»rr^«-r-.^  ijut^  j^  f^^  Hiititiwtjl  iff 


C"' 


•pithQtai  tliciQgh  n&  QtMt  flMt  fftxttcm  Imi  mm  mmf  mm  Mm      It  €11 
also  bo  f  ciind  that  th«^itliot»  In  this  wmm  wmmam  aere  uA  affoat 
Iht  general  tone  of  the  poan  ctor*:  tlmn  tlid  otharSf  iiUoli  I0  eoet 
Xiliely  the  roa0onthAt  both  taach.  am  tmt  Rtuciantis  of  VarglX  have  tlio 
iiaproc;;ion  tliat  •pitae'p  for  oxanploy  to  imio4  wuch  nor^  fveipio&tly 
tlan  It  rea:.ly  ie. 

I  ahall  noif  notice  liirlefly  tho  other  charaotora  to  whoci  oplthatB 
are  aprllad^ 


Jiino  l8  uo^d  wlthciit   eylthat  twenty  tlrrjaei     forr  tirita  In  Bock  I, 
in  Bool:  II,.ono«  in  III,  onoo  in  IV,  twl^a  In  V,  oboq  in  VX,  four  In 
TZIf  four  In  X,  and  tTfios  in  Xlll        Bha  ie  spoken  of  with  oplthtt 
twdnty-nlno  tixaaB,  aa  foliowot 

•Saeva  Jvmo»,   thr©  -  tii^oat     Blc.J,   4|   II,  6X2;   VII,  592, 

•A«pora  Jiino*,  ono«s  3k*   I,  279* 

•Hagia  Juno*,  four  tlciaat     I,  445;   I¥,XX4  |  VII,  458f  X,  68* 

•Atrox*,  onoot     I,  Q'jZ. 

•Ini  rxia»,  I,  GG81  VII,  2DB, 

•Bona*,  I,  784« 

•Magna*,  III,  437;   IV,  4;. 

•Pronuba*,   IV,   166# 

•llaxlna*,  IV,  lll\  VIII,  84 j  X,  685 • 

•Satumia  Juno»,     IX,  S,   IX,   748,   IX,   802,  X,   760,   XIII,   156| 
and  •Satumia*  alono  In  I,  23# 

fthd  is  oallad     •interpraa  ouriirum  st  oonaoia  Ivoio^,  XV,  608| 
•Jiino  aiimipotane*,  IV,  693 1   •InfQ:ma*,  VX,  15S|  •Sativa  Jovlo  oon* 
iunj:^,  VII,  287 1   •Magna  Jovia  ooniunx*,  Vllf  308. 

In  Qightaon  out  of  tho  twonty-<»ninfi  oaea*  with  @pititilitii^  Juno 
faXXQ  at  tho  oIoM  Of  %lm  XiiKif  aiKl  In  thu  Xw^ity  it  ooaaa  noax  111* 

•  ^ 

flxat  aa  a  ruXo,  though  mor^  f ro«<lg«  t»  ahoiqc^  in  thii^  Wmn  in  tha 


*»t«* 


ami  mBm^iSi^  f^m  -si^itf^ 


'^3tH0    f 


f     ,*ft'' 


mt  mi  •iilA 


n 


.'t  d         .  *■  «««  ■■  ™fc  4,1., 


q|P  ■"•"T    ■■PI 


«i' 


I  as. 


•rr 


t  I 


^^•vi 


^h^    #Hil?  '"■    *-: ■"'•' 


^     Clf: 


%  <»   :'i.*. 


I?'" 


*',  •••■.  .r«,>»i 


4W  «i  onxrii 

MWi'^^  


• 


**•   ft ..., ,. ^., 


•■•If  If 


A   I  Mil 


J 


-sy^*^'^ 


:<- 


c 


i  ^i      ..•  •.  '       ..■.if 


'    'j         $t»;. 


•J 


•  ■■■         ?*X    t  •/         * 
.9M  .X    :^  ,rT;;    j^g,,,^  ,^f|  ,^«iia.|3ij8i» 


f  *^>'^:« 


•IWi  AflliJlf*    t^'SS   ,11?   ,«s,ai/i 


v.-lt  J 


-lO* 


lunean  opit hoist. 


thd  situations  aro  iiuoh  with  mfvmxtiQm  to  tho  parlloular  iioanii^s 
tliat  th«  of  dot  ^K  prod\io#d  by  thosa  apithats  is  Kor-  looal  ihnm  it 
tho  au@  with  any  of  tha  others,  and  tho  worde  boxtlar  isore  olostlf 
on  an  aajdotival  Bonao,       Ttiis  i3  ••leoially  tru©  of  such  «ir£j»^ 
alone  a^  •saova  Jimo",   »ati:ojs;  Jvuio",  ato,,         In  thd  oaso  of 
•CJatumla  Jujio»,   "IfctxiEa  Juao»  ana  sluiiar  woruu,  th©  affort  to 
•nd  thb  lias  hanaoniouBly  la  evident,    aa  thooa  words  fora  a  vary 
agraoabl9  ocr^binationt 


In  tho  Dido  ©rithoto,  UKfiri  yfoj    ruch  ths 


tlMiMdl 


neods.arily  fdwsr  oassst         She   ie  rcfarred  to  aixtstm  tit.tfs  with- 


ft 

otit  or  ithot  afti  thsss  ocaiir  in  Boolcps  1  and  IV. 

She   i8  apoVon  of  nwith  apithdt  nii  ataan  tiiassi  and  aight  liffartmt 
tvithott>  ara  usau,  ai»  followot 

•Slaoni.1  Dido",   I,    446;    1,613}    D,   S66|   XI,   74. 

•Puioharrlraa  Dido",   I,  496 1   IV,   292. 

•PhoanlOLia  Dido»,  I,  670;   VI,  45C,      iax.    o^Uusl^JAj    TV  "3  M  & 


9 


^Ur^^irTg.  ^y 


InfJL^  Dido*,  I,  749;   IV,  G6,  410,  5£9,  5J)6;  VI,  456^ 

•llisca»,   IV,  GiO|  V,  3. 
•Mifiorrim  Dido",  IV,  Ii7, 

•Optiwi  Dido*,IV.-u£l.4 

Candida  Dido",  V,   o7jlf»  -  i^J^-^' 

In  tha  thirty-fivti  oaaas  with  an^  without  apithot,  Didc  falls 
in  tha  last  foot  savantaan  timas  and  at  tha  first ,  thras  tiiassf  ttis 
rast  ara  soattarad  in  diffsrsnt  posit ioni,  throuehcut  tlia  voraa. 

lulus  is  taliad  Aaoanliu;  about  as  of tan  as  ha  i®  oallad  lulus, 
and  Tery  fsw  othar  nan^as  mm  apjliad  to  hini.         Bs  ie  oailad 
•parvus  IuIub"   only  In  Bool.  II,  and  praotioally  no  other  na»!.a  fox 
him  ts  BSad  in  this  boelt,        111111  may  be  aithar  a  tara  of  af faotion 


1*-^ 


*«l4«\ 


^  ?' 


'  '%ff        '4» 


■  :■    *"       . 

^     '  '         W    JiVttJii:* 

4,, 

••i>S« 

,-   „*.■ 

"It 

Al^ 


■■•:l  ,•■''»„    ,*     'S*   *  4  „.'"',^   %  ., 


.fc'ClJli''lr'f .  ' '' 


•-"..•••-.-■  Xf©   #; 


ftl   ttl 


■  """^  ffl;        Ik.    '*'    '     ^',  ■'•'    "gi^ 


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j#«  ei* 


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6.     . 


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Bt  U  "parvuB*  in  II,  Iln^J^  SM,  674,  •??»  710  and  7«if  •piiohor 
IllXU0*  VII I   1075   IX,  293,  310;  •dulots  lulus"   I,  Mi}   •la«tua» 
17,   140|   •aurgan»  Iulae»  VI,  364t   Xf   5S45    •■•••♦isMi*     HI,  110,  And 
•llaertjna*  XXI,   399 •        Ho   i&  oailed  laoaniua  in  I,  267,  3401  W^l 
n,   59Gt    III,  3 '0,   464?    IV,    B4,   130,   S74,   B>4|  ▼,  507,  067$   VII, 
B8Bt    IX,   250,   858,  62;],  636,   646,  649,  COa;   X,   47,  SMi  t06|   XII, 

108/ 

thax«  ara  flf ty-oight  oasos  In  cdl,  whoro  I\ilu3  la  roforrad  to  , 
tfonty-four  of   j»hioh  ara  Aooaniuii,   liwanty  as  lulus  without  apithotf 
and  thi  roj^t  v;lth  apithat.       In  arron  of  thaea  oasas,  "Asaduaiua* 
iM^in^  tho  lino}   in  thirty-two,  lulus*  in  various  oaaa  forsn^clota* 
%h&  lin-i,  and  theoe  without   apithat , 

tlior ;  are  itany  epithata  of  tha  '^iduui  Aotataa*  typa  which  I 
shall  now  note  briafly,  hofora  paaoilng  to  tha  opithata  which  do 
not  a^:  ly  to  oarsoaa* 

fha  apithat  jixat  nenticnod  ie  probably  tha  MSi  tEtr^mj  oaaa  of 
the  oonventionai  typa,  as  ita  looal  «aaning  in  wary  Blight  axoopi 
3is  it   iispliaB  in  a  ganordl  «ay  tho  ohtiaf  characteriotioo  cf  the 

parfton,, 

Aotetao  in  ttf^nticned  twanty-ona  tiaoa  as  fol^owat     •?llw» 
Achat  ©•,  Book  1,  188t   III,  1581  VIII,  521,  SSt}  X,  Sai|  XII,  384| 
•►fortis  Achataa*,  1,  ISO,  579|  •Ra|:idufi»  whioh  is  vaxy  appropriata 
as  ha  ie  boing  aont  on  a  miaaion  by  Aanaaa,  is  uaad  l|  644}     "Mag* 
ima  Aohatao*  i©  uo«d  in  X,  344  •         He  is  rafar¥a4  to  without  ai^ithat 
in  I,   174,   Z12,   459,   513,   581,   656,   696}    III,   555;   VI,   54i  VII,  4M| 
XII,  459. 

In  absolvtaly  all  tiMMl  fftiMt  *i%lii»  irith  or  without  apittit, 
•Aohat08*  cloocjs  tha  liilOf  thou|;li  in  a  vory  few  imitiuioae  tha 


—^■^-  "T-  iij.i  I , II  .inmiii  iii^mwwii  ^■^|py^«||w«<wi»ii>»  » i|i>,|ii!m|.il 


t^liit 


'OiSiiPissi''i:e"% 


T'  "T 


^  ^    * 


•  ^ 


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\|4ih 


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!■  |»i.*»'  ...-  .  »;1- 


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^Jl  'T     "'f' 


Biif 


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'••  tj 


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\tM\  and  MODI  »»e  wtmnUA* 

AiMXlM  4»  ••MvuB  Aohllla«»  to  3lMfc  I*  «•!  Hf  «•»     •*«*•«•     g|  Jl 

At1dll«3»  ii  1,  30!  III.  Q7»  •memia  •  H,  436}  •otimtwif ,  1,  4MI 
•UrlMMMC"   II,   li'7  ^«<i  without  •pith**   in  I,   47D,  484,   7621    11, 
«7B,  540»  7,  S04I  71.  88,  i68|  III,  358,  645.         This  word,   too, 
•««••  alTiaya  at  tha  lost  of  th«  Una, 

HMtor  ie  caUad  •»«»«••  in  1,  S«f  •«*••*«£.•  in  II,  OTO|  •i«gl»# 
VI,  l«e,     *nd  •^.AxlBu.*,  po»  ibly  for  tlia  sake  of  th^  r^tar.  In  ▼, 

371. 

Ho  1«  rfiferrid  to  only  siKht  tu^.a  without  aplthett  11,  8T8, 

23S,  5r-K,  543}  III,  543|  IX,  165|  H,  »80. 

1«  find  •foxtia  (lya«»  twlao,  X..!J88,  618,  and  'fortia  ««n««U* 
thwe  tmeet  I,  SJ'JJ,  610,  612.   Oyaa  is  .pokan  of  in  oonnaotion 
with  the  boat  TM*  in  Boe^  V  .ix  ticaa,  but  .-OTar  with  an  apitl^t. 
Mid  Oloanthaa.  thM*  ti-a"  ^  this  book  without  *»ltl-t. 

VMM  a»  tha  rrinclpi'^  oas«B  wtere  the  oonventienal  apithrtS 
ooour,  aprlied  to  pawons,  exoapt  thoaa  of  Jup.ltor,  whioh  I  shalX 
»ntlon  briefly.   Ihooo  already  givan  haTo  boon  oeufiidsrod  nora 
Klnutaly  aa  to  tha  nw...>or  of  ooourror.oas  ana  rofaraimB  than  «• 
Otherwise  nooeoeary,  baoauaa  cf  th^  &mmX  Kiaoonaertion  as  to  thalx 
uae.   Won.  of  the«  oco.  r  «o  fraquoi.tly  M  U  iMtraUy  0ttr  <»«1. 

-  Jur-itar  le  uaad  Biir.p.y,  f  ifty-oaa  tirr.eB.  but  tha  wfar^ncaa  ar* 
««t  aoaa«ftury.    !•  i"  «*i-«d  •'^*«  .-nipotonBl  usually  in  jvwyax., 
aln«taan  ti..a8|  •Divui.  patar  atque  honinum  rex-  about  four  tin-.» 
•Oanitox-  twelve  ttoM,    «•  i»  "l'-**  ^  **»-i«^  nan.aa.auoh  a. 

lllf  375,  ate;,  twenty  Mmn^ 

■  «««aiy  tn  prayorn  the  lenger  ...d  «ore  «onorouB  ph.-aaa.  ax.  m^. 
but  i«  a  ma«  refa»«n«.  M*  word  lik.  -Juppitor-  or  •Qanitor-  i. 


w 


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I  ahull  now  notiM  tte  orit^^t&     hich  do  imH  Apply  to  ptmons 
erttiJ^cly,  or  mrelfi  mnd  are  »«MiMiariX|  different  in  nattf  ways. 
Though  thoy  do  not  in  all  oaaoe  oonf  Drm  to  oiur  Oitfliiitioii  of 
•oonventlonal*!  ©til-,   their  oo:«ron  rsowrrtnoe  pmk^s  thi©  al&dsiti^ 
•at  Ion  adsiiGs^iMe. 

ftrei-ail  vrordi  ©ocur  In  thie  cc    iaotiont  suoh  a»  •antiquua^i 
•alttin*,  •oeleiie^i  and  •votuat*      then  Vergil  oa.lB  a  thing  •high*, 
It  Is    oarly  always  high*  but  tlio  aaat  iiiglit  bo  amid  also  of  *iiua* 
01'  »pator  iioncafc**,  but  whotl-or  or  net  thent  oharaot«ri8tl#§  ar*  the 
soot  ircninsnt  in  thtj  situation  ic  ancthcr  qvastiont       So  whon  ho 
•poalLO  of  »tlio  wtiio  cf  lofty  Ec  a*,  ho  is  not  vlosoriling  tho 
city  tay  cioro  than  he  Ib  doooribing  Aonoaoi  y:if  the  ganoral  imjroa^ 
fiion  oonvsyod  ie  ono  of  •tatolir.eso.         He  often  oail©  thinga  •old^ 
that  arc*  not  old,  booaimo  cf  his  fondnoiss  for  the  use  of  thoao 
•oonv^^rtional*  words. 

■•  vaoa  •antiqiuis^  thirtycight  ti&ioof  uiiualjy  of  ac  o  land  or 
city,  though  ho  apo&l'^s  of  »anoi*int  oare*,   fVlIi  365),  •anolant  luoo* 
Itlf  580),  or  •aroiont  nar.o*,  cto.   indlsorimlnataly.         Dido  bo# 
imila  to  hor  sistor  in  IV,   431 ,  that  Aaneaa  lias  bc5trayad  thair 
•mnoiant  v?edlcok»  (ocnitigiaa  antiquum)  and  Dro«'^»  of  har  first  htiaband 
aa  hor  •anoiont  huoband*   in  IVp  468t         Many  of  thaoo  oaeoa,  hoi^- 
ovor,  will  bo  found  very  appropriate  and  should  xjoseibly  not  bo  oilU#A 
oonTontionai,  but  for  ccnyaniiinaeiir  ooiipaxdaoasi  ate,  I  ©hall  givs 
idl  tho  rof#ronfiMiB  tog uthox,         Thej  aroi 

BooK  I,   12,  376,   531,  6156,  642. 

XI,   137,   188,   363,  iSi,   7U,   74S. 
Ill,   15,  96,   131,   164,  542, 

XV >  ain»  4S1,  4M|  tail  MKu 

T»  606,  666. 


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jHL  iJiiL  dHu,  |g|||i||. 


~x 


Boot  TT,  inu  &60,  %4S. 

▼XI,  38,   1?8,  S06,  565, 
XX,  647. 

X,  719, 

XI,  3x6,   540,   BBl, 

XII,  547,   BS9,   897t 

•Altup.»  in  xsMt  with  irarions  woTJa  fyc 


c^mtalna  and  c  it  loo 


trm  to  mAl^  dotalXs#       It  occur®  ons  hundred  and  flfty-ono  tlisoOf 
ftR   fola.Owst        BOCK  I.   7,   34,  61,  D5,    309,  4':7,   4^9,  6BCt   11,  tf  Mf 

.:«■  J  * 

«19,  448,  464,  6S5t   IH,   r>^;^i  619,  644,  iffe,  67g,  678,  681f   XT, 
W,   151,    187,   23C,   265,   c45,   443,   574,   ov.  ,  666,  6©1|  V,   12,  45,   175, 
MO,   ^43,  261,   443,   5?.i,   54.'^   5t>8,   7S7,   7Si5,  f©^,   841f   VI,   9,   41, 
179,    C37,   310,   3:  3,   436,   500,   SHJ),   599,   003,   787,   8361    VII,   3,   25, 
M,   as,   95,   108,   141,  BOO,  S75,   362,   413,   363,  674,   736,   786 1      VIIX, 
87,   115,   321,   395,  4*^:3,  461,   541,  691,  692|      XX,   81,    169,  SJJ5,   388, 
5S0,  557,   644,  697,  699,  749,   8055   X,   63,   8(1,   101,   1S|,   m6,  *^46/ 
"ta7,   374,  469,   6r!6,  653,  658,  687,   7C7,,  723,  737,  806,  850,  Sfiff 
875t   XI,   36,   95,   08.   187,  2ii,  235,  2:56,   301,  4mit  4|a,  490,  6^4| 
7ri,   736,   740,   751,   797,   817,   857,  8^...9|  XIX,   11*|   181,   34'*,   29if 
357,   474,   523,   ^>46,   647,  675,  705,   7U,   787,  asOf  «S,  941  ♦ 

"Ceisus"   iii    mdB  uea  of  twanty-«iiJ   tiaae,  often  v/ith  "pip:*^ 
0»  similar  vrordl     X,  56,   18S»  375j   i:  I,  S46,  S93,  8tt|  670l   IV, 
39T,  8r4j   V,   35,  *38»   VI,   805|   VIII,   (36,    107,   804,   560»   X,   U.,  261, 
MS;  XI,  320;  XII,  5C4. 

•Vetiie*  whloh  c<Jonr»  tTrenty-thro^  tlnae  lo  uB»d  aOT»  often  with 
psreonB  or  land  nnrket       I,  £15t   XX»  81S,  VlSt   III,  84,  lo8,   18l| 
XV,  13,  559?  V,  59,   576,  VI,   5^7,  V3:L|  VII,  177,   ?.©4,  £64,  7951 
VIII,   1871   852,   ?56,   500,  eOO|   IX,   736t   IX,    182. 


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If  a  fow  esiciploe  tf  tMh  typ*  Ava  Mt^pwiNly  it  will  Im  found  that 
ibii  mM  Mfsestod  i>i  thd  bogiimiiOG  »^^  to  ttltirlapfliit  of  tha  ;• 
v^riouo  dlvlalonc  i&  aost  trua  of  thcae  two  oiastM.         fci  faot, 
aany  «vwld  ioubtxt^sa  aljMisify  'mmmot  IIim®  aiasplM  fts  aonaaon  %lr» 
4e<3tivo3  witn  very  iittio  r^atlo  filfrrjifi^nn^ja. 

By  JL  ii-idtiirtf^iaa  di^itu^t,  Ur^.j^a  oaa  wtiiah  l»jfliii«  •<»»•  faatiixo 
#f  atn  ooj3ot  into  pr^min^notj  for  pi«1ureaqu*a  aff^att        tor  tmupls 
In  YII,  8,   th'3  .aoon  ie  oal^ad  •oandidii  iuna»,  o?    in  VII|  U^$  ■xa4p' 
lantis  lur^i^*,   throwing  al^   tha  foroc   of  ths  id®*!  into  m  piotuff 
of  ihi^   itom  ivlTh  th*jH^  r<3atnr«0  in  pi^tuafaatius     n>minuna«» 

fhadd  dpitlAtft     fall  fmtvrally  ixito  a^avami  awMlvlaionat       tho»i 
of  tli^  'ijvovo  tyr»j  Xi^fox  to  tiio  'DriiilJmt  ap  «i«iniii»  of  an  obj«90t5 
»o»o  d^.>not<:i   :rur.^  oalor|   sJcr;  3  piotxiro  mioa  mmn^n  ms  wav««  in  notion 
a»^d  ot:  JXij  donot'^  3hai>e  uoraly.        Of  tbn   iatt^T  aiiMia|jr*f  ind  tte 
f#iioat  '.lasofti      Bi^cl:  IT,  iim  51,  *a\i:firaia  alvur^*  r^f*irxiiig  to  tlio 
.%0dy  of  the  wooden  horso  agaiaiit  ^ItJh  tooooon  fraxlad  bio  m:^%x. 
•Ouxvic  cariniii*  in  II,  179,  la  ovld  mtly  of  Koaoxla  infludiioa  if 
not  vldi    )£  ^dcrtion,  a»  ie  alu©  •otJnraa  piip:>«s'»   ia  ?I,  4,  though  tho 
ilaa  it!   i;it lAdod  tc  be     ioturontua  A3id  not  dasoxiptiira.       In  Book 
1X1,' :a,  iB  •3iirv6  litoro*  wMoh  oooiura  alio  in  aon§  f'>rr.  in  I1I| 
aiS,  nil  :>45,  X,  635  and  lii  U|   134j       Of  tha  mvm  t/r*^  i.i  •ouxva 
T<ili4*  l""  II,  74B5  '(^urrarj  nsowx  ?»•  ^fll,  1S4^ 

fa  hwa  alao  •our^ia  oavirniB*,  :CII,  074?  •ourvato  guT^ita*, 
III.  561;   •ourtaa  faloan,*,  VTI,   179|  and  •c^rvo  .icxn^i*,  VII,  4S7;and 
515.         AnothiT  of  thaad  ahapa  apith-jta  is  •ptlllwia  maala^  wliloli  is 
alwiytt  u«ed  in  thig  particular  form.       In  III,  253,   it  da  :Oriba» 
tlMi  alar^  of  tha  hatftlt  bb  thay  iwodp  down  UKor  the  tal^laa  of 
iameas  and  Me  ^ontpanionB .       In  II,   564,  fiim\;a  dtpridi^Cymia  fox 


v>^|^^^j.mX5uVv  ^     3^7^>~Vt    4j^>iNj^  y^ 


'jcy^  ay  .jJXjbO.^       .^ 


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tiring  to  mmvm  hi:    ^  olteblrig  a  iiti:»  aa  though  ho  could  do  M| 
•llk#  Jovas  amor  boaror  with  orook«<l  clawtit^     xl,  723,  dacatthM 
a  faioontg,  ana  XII,  850t  an  a«gla«&  olawa*       (ti^npaM  Ikaiiyfatti 
«^li«  Bagio»:    *'  Be  olap©  the  orag  with  orockad  har.dfsf  ©tcj 

Another  stylo  of  thd  piotiiraaque  tyr#  ia  faanti  in  ©uch  ervreaaiaM 
M  •tha  goldan  •tare*,  »thii  ^limmxing  aoca»,  ^tc,,  wlitrs  a  hffjM^Md 
briixi.;...af^:  i»  s€v,ght  for  rather  thar.  a  ^osarlftlTO  invoivinij     <iclor 

■ 

or.Bh&pa,  aj3  already  nontionod,       Thv^  rar^o  of  adjciotivof^.  thua  iiaad  is 
not  larg«>  yot  tha  affect  va  lea*         |n  II,   j7S  m  brnvt  »con:raao  flaai 
■•*•  raferring  to  the  tlmoB  darting   fro.    Urn  ciy^bUilJ  of  tho  nUtm 
of  Trltonia  whon  It  ams  profanddi     in  II,  ^,c   ,  th«  -%yo»  cf  Oasaandrat 
Prlto's  virrAn  dauchter  ,  a©  ahc  was  ilrasi^ed  alou-  In  th-i  fsaoV  of 
Troy,  trer-j  •ardnntla  Itirrdna'—ralaad   lo  hoav^m  in  rain. 

The  aworcl  1b  often  spoken  of  as  •rriashinr/  ^m  5t  ia  abcut  to 
bw  u&Qd  ae  an  instrument  of  doath,  txnxi  as  it  raaat  a*^   ear  to  the  mm 
uv0n  vThom  It  is  to  ba  used.         In  II,  333,  it  ia  •mmmM  oorufioo*  mtm 
when  Panthdus,  tailing  Aenaan  the  ata^se  of  affairti  and  th^  doom  of 
Troy,  eaya  that  •the  ^d^.^d  eword  tflth  .^it taring  ^int  ntandn  roady  at 
thf)  gato  for  dealing  death.*         A  uliuraax  use  ia  in  II,  6F>Si,  wh^r<%  TfW^ 
rhus  drawa  hie  •fi.aminii  Bword»  (oorustjun.  enaora)   to  Blay  PriaH, 

Amox  ia  apokan  of  a»*Ghlning»  (fiixgenj^)   thoiigh  not  always  in 
Imttle.         Tl.e  ©word  my  hava  been  alviaya  aliaatlitd  whan  not  in  uaat 
whf.la  th.T  armor  shona  even  cut  cf  bat11a«         Once  the  nhme  adjeotive 
rafore  to  a  youth  in  battlei  cciatw^o,  end  eeToml  tiiiaa  •fih.tning 
arrior*  iu  used  in  the  funcr -.1  oomnorjJoa  of  a  dead  here. 

tlie  reforonoeo  to  the  ab^s  aret     •fulgontibus  arai»a  II,  74fi| 
?I,  ?>17,  VI,   661 1  XI p   188 1    •fulgaxitia  arma*  VI,   490 1   Tly  ©•        f)wT9   is 

alsa  »A®ra  laiaantia*  in  II,  754,  and  •ardontec     olli^aB*  In  tha 

4^ato  anaa^ 


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flM  stara  arc  •aiiXM  fttitM^  in  lit  4if |  and  11^  iiit    %|9l.la 
aitlantlbtis^i  XT|  4iE|  Yl,  79f|  H,  aotg  and  'aatra  ignua*  in  I?,  35i^| 
'^(jaiMllda  luna*  and  •railantao  iunaa*  haro  air,  idy  \m<m  oitod. 

ffha  lightning  i®  •mloantia  fulnijia"*  In  Xlt  TS:'« 

•f  word  d<^nctlng  color  lauoh  migitt  bo  saM  (aao  Am.  Phil,  Jour, 
vol,  IV, pp.  X-CO),  biit  only  thoao  which  iiava  imrtioular  pioturoaqpii 
bearding  wll.  bo  not  load  horo# 

In  •  Qualle  aio©  aootatt^  nova  pai  florea  rura«,   1,430,   tho 
pioturt)  nioana  an  muoh  from  a  poetio  itandi  oint,   If  not  morO|  tlmn  tho 
•iJidlOt       In  X,  469,  •  nivaio  voiia*  ropr  nont©  tho  tonte  of 
Bteoua,         8o!LO  epithot  of  ahMLpo  oould  luivo  boon  appliodp  but  tho  oQlm 
ia  .  oro  prominent,   aoroolaliy  undor  tho  oirotuaotanooB, 

Whim  Aonaas  Btanwlii  lorth  fro ..  the  oloud  by  whioh  ho  liai;  hQnn 
conooalod  bofoto  hie  introduotion  to  Dido,   tho  light  i©  oaio^od 
*Xii8»n  puiljpwm*   (I,   59u),        In  thie   oar>o  tho  attaiapt   io  r.Ado  to 
boighton  tho  color^pioturc  wh^^jro  oolcr  io  not  noco0t>arily  involvod, 
bi;it  tho  of  f  :ot  io  not  bad, 

POBpibly  ono  of  tho  prottioet  of  the  xiotureoqiia  oi^ithote  io 
whor^  tlio  opithot  oxproesos  an  aotior   though  tho  r  iotiiro  io  in  oolori 


vn,  9, 


; 


noo  oandida  our sub 

Uma  nagat  aplonaot   tronttlo  tmh  lumino  pontus«* 


Iflio  moon  is  r.ot  tromiilous,  but  tho  mcon  iihiriOii!  v?hito  on  tho  oavoo  wbilltl 


It 


tromblo  giving  a  vory  lioturouqiio  ofioot.  f 

W^find  aloo  •lumino  fulvo"  in  VI],  76,  whioh  probably  rafexB  to 
tlio  dolor  of  ordinary  flacioo.  In  Ul,  640,  tho  floliio  a»  clothod 
With  •shoony  light*   (linina  purri\irdO,) 

•PiirpurouB  flos*  oomars  in  varloio  foMO  in  V,'77t,  VI.   B84|  XX,  456 


1 


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^(IM  «!  ,-^  ''^^jmmi  'ti»i«9ii*  .lum  i&i#  1 1 XI 


•|mrpur«<Hi  oolor*  Ixi  Xl»  8X9« 

Tharo  aro  seT'3ral  apith«t»  of  th|»  piotuSMiiMi  mlox  tjxm  Ffdch 
ffilght  alBO  bo  rdgA9d0d  M  •••©•ntlal^ {   but  tho  ap  ttal  ti^     aio  to 
tho  ayt5,  ana  the  fo  ling  1©  uiore  for  tha  plotiiru  tta.r  for  (Mi  o&a«a» 
tial  ctuality  conoelvadi  by  tht  rdnd»         for  iiiatanoo,  "th©  tavny 
llon^.V^iiO'f  gold^t   9tQ,,       Thi  fommr  oocurs  In  II,  7£'X »  fulviqut 
iQOnea*,  •fxilvia  loonia  polXlft*,  Vlll,  85^1   and  •fuxvuir.  X#w«i^  la 
17,   i59.       •flavum"  ap  liod  to  goltl  ooours  fr  quantiy;   I,  592,  VII, 
X,   134|   XI,  776>   •lasplde  fiilva*  uocuru  In  IV,  seit   •fuiva  liar#iMi* 
In  VI,  643;   XII,  ?^76!   Ill,  74i|  Htrdult©  iforo  a     llon«a  and  OmytiUI 
a  iroXf'G  nvm  with  tho  iwhita  ta^^th* ,  "doiitibua  ftiliis*  »tili  in  tha 

iMiadi  VII,  6C7,  and  XI,  mU 

In  IV,  G'^7,  A     a  drirjo  tha  •biacik  blood*   (atrci)  oruoraa)  froa  tit 
trounds  of  her  dying  oiotor  with  her  roboj   tha  ground  was  apokoii  of 
£iftex  the  olaughtar  by  i^nryaiua  and  MlBtus  a»  stalnod  with  •biaok 
p;ore*  (atro  omore,  IX,  335)  and  in  another  battlo  soane,  •atar 
onior*^  poura  forth  freely, 

fretu   and  branohoe  ar©  •le^ify*  or  "green*  aa  tha  Msa  umf  lm% 
The  be'3B  hang  from  a  •id^ify  bcigli*  (raiuO  froiiujivtti)   if:  Vilt  ©7,  and 
in  vll,  jlS7,  Aonaaa  bind®  hlo  tcimpLie  with  a  laafy  bcugh.       SiailAir 
•zpvaaeioiia  aro  in  VX,  ^15,  and  III,  tuU     •viridi  oiiva*,  V,  4Mt 
•virivtanti  ^auxo*  V,  539|  •ilioo  aijaa*  IX,  4B1|   •fiava  oxiva*  V,  309? 
aaA  •viridooqua  harbas*  in  V,  330. 

In  'raara  ▼olivolnia,  torraacpia  l^aantoa*,  Book  I,  2*^4,  is  an  a»» 
aspld  of  a  ilotur«,  aa  it  appaarad  to  ,lovai  f«f  it  la  a^mowhat  broad 
for  th3  ordinary  vlaw. 

In  hla  aplthat  of  tlia  Mat  forgil  oftan  uaaa  il«tura»«iua  tdMSt 
in  nany  oaaaa  aotion  la  Inpllad^       •Ilti«*  la  uaad  fre^iaiitly,  l«it    ^ 
•toal4  IM  nottaad  alaairtiara.        Wf  flaA  •twiOuM  m^ot*  In  III,  X6f  | 


;3;  liftilwi  calf    '"''^'^ attii  ••M^: 


'      I  ■*  k  *■       |#** ■■•"*(«,••,; 


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t'rtn:       'ttast/  r(i^io   j-i|p[i;T   idc^s    "-'t   *-    f..^.?f ^^..■-f.,   .^f-r   -f 


;;jj^"T 


ti  a  gonoral  Qpithotf  ^aaonaoe  i)tiitof  occntm  la  XIX»  lOif  viMni  iona&s 
ta  aiiilr  «wmrlng  bfy  th©  gods  that  diwi  tlvr  i  *YitxM  uiida*  VII,  15t 
•irada  ©aonxxa*  VII,  198|  •vada  iivida*  (tha  Styx)  VI,  320|  •apuaantla* 
tr«na»  IV,  155;  ••pumosm  wicia*  VX|  x74|  •aiirgontibuB  imdla*  VI,  3Mt  m 
and  •itor  liqiiiOmn*  in  V,  2^7  ara  piotur0»<iu«  apithotei  dxoopt  probab|f 
th«  laot.  j5  ,    ^  .4^-a-^.^ Jt:t5L<'vo 

than  V^rglX  aays  that  Aonaaa  fcxind  and  aaoritiMt  a  «iiitQ  •#«»  lia 
vm»m  a  pxaln,  uppootio  daaorlptlYO  adjaotlva,  imt  in    XI,  X9it  whoa 

liei  »ayo  that  Aon.,  as  and  Tarahon,  at  tlii  fuMzal  of  thoir  trlantof 

/ 
•lay  ruony  •brietly  owlne^   ( sac  tyo  rose  tie  issue  jj)  ho  ia  aaylmt  afiMlthiiig 

about  tilt  %m\xm  which  ie  not  necesaajy  for  tie  to  taow  in  ordar  to 

understand  Vtet   iB  rnaant,  a»d  which  j.o  not  plot  tiro  aqua  in  this  con- 

nootion,       •Farr^aa  vox"  VI,  ons,  doen  not  involve  eight  and  could  not 

bo  picture Bqiiet   it  dai^nda  rartiy  u]  (n  th:>  iimgination  or  lodgoa 

with  tho  irmginatlon  eomd  alaioont,  i^jotioaily  ax  rasnod  by  whioh 

Vm   idoa  ray  bo  daf init^iiy  Xooatod,        Titaa©  and  aiRiXar  epithets  IV^ 

oall  doeoriitivo.         They  neoasaarily  invclvj  2;iny  foaturo©  of  otiior 

epithato  and  it  io  only  liy  folic  ing  tho  nioaninga  that  thoy  can  be  aef- 

amtod,         A  bristly  boar  flying  bofors  tlu^j  hunters  would  ba  |:iotur* 

eaq^io;   •vdiito  30?r«  in  tho   aeneo  used  bofore  waw  i&^raly  a  nodi  tying 

adidctivo,  and  yot  if  al,.  aowB  wore    vhito  and  ona  of  another  Icind  were 

an  ixupoBoibij^ity,  I  ohould  oall  •whlt^"  an  •eanential  ^ithet.« 

A  dei.^oriitiv*3  epithot  rmy  invclvs  an  eo  entlal  idaa,  mc  •tortoa 
funoof ,   IV,   575;   an  idoa  of  ■agRituda  a©  "vauta  oharybdie^ ,  VII,  3|8» 
•▼aato  aothara*,  V,   821,   or  •oaoimn  :  rof undum* ,   I,  58.   or  aituatiOA 
aa  •noete  ail«nti«,  VII,   B7,  and  there  riay  even  be  a  tranaforr^noa 
cf  tha  idea  for  deBoriptiWii  effoot,  aa  in  'nox  mnida",  V,  73at 

Is  the  nuKbor  of  th  ae  epithotc  i»  so  large,  I  ©hali  not  attaapl 
to  diaouae  the®  fully i  but  rhall  gife  the  exaapiea  In  fuDt  with  Vm 


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tl«iisi  ar«  mora  or  loae  doubtful,  «tioh.  for  iiiataBiHi,  m  •gentaa  t0i»t«»i 
to  I,  288,  but  tho  d#i.oxlj;tif<i  f«#ii^g  fa  pronlmnt,  if  not  pr^iioit* 
nant  in  r-^ost  of  thorn.         Th«y  ara  an  folioiiiif 


402 


taridur.  ignem 

oolrjreeque  aaglttas 
oomlTni»  arborlie, 
gantorn  togatarii  • 
olaraa  K  oonae 
aorja  raagntim 
Btriclontibua  allft 
ro89a  oorvioo 


•  M« 


9  oadontia  sidoru 
206  VQRtarn  potonfMi 
581  oaorula  ool-.a 
360  cava  uribra 
496  arui.  m.i  ariuiio 


46  iaoiills  aoutio 
198  nox  umidA 
ilO  vai.ibiis     iraift 
W5  viriddm  Donuaoaia 
19}  oaorulous  ith^t 
240  ajxo  cavo 
SDl  aaroaa  asoao 
•pUKiaiitibua  uiuia 


Bock  Z« 

408  ftiibroaiao  ooiao 
511  itor  turbo 
555  fii£il>oaua  Orion 
Wi  oplMii  On  rum 
661  fyTioB^m  bilinguos 
iM  ''iligarin  injitf 
693  iFiailiB  aaaradufl 
74S  orrantaK  lunam. 

iMk  ZI. 

516  atra  tomp^stato 

590  itira  luoo 


D 


9<s  3  oao#iiao  an 


Book  in. 

357  tiiaido  aiiotro 
405  furpuroo  aznictu 
419  litoro  augiioto 
452  oaonileis  oanibua 
450  oavo  saxo 
44S  Avaxxia  aon^mtla 
510  litoro  aiooo 
inganiott  Aotnam 


c-.^-^6 


.X     iOi>ti 


iA'  OO    ^JBlft^'CVta^    ^ 


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At 


r-;fB    din 


eo'jl  0iifT  OW 


#xo  tivpowKvn  MS 


-81- 


$0(1  months  o^aoi 
615  labfrntla  rido 
^5  facito  oaolo 


itt  hiimlXon  ZtaXlam 

68(1  cava  aaxa 

534  aalsa  aatmrglna 


S6  nootoEJ  profiindari 
845  Tartara  trietla 
513  undosium  Aoquor 
I8&  plaaoaoe  aoopulM 


257  lit  rj  har>: 


361  urrisntlVniB  uitibrl* 
453  tViTlcraralB  arie 


10  oa^srulau©  Irabor 

4>S  Clara  dias 
1£3  CJaanila  Boyllaque 
lE^  nlgraa  paoudoB 
S61  ro:  idui^'^  81rriOonta 
391  rapido  our-cU 
4a5  oeiorl  aagitta 
518  astrlB  aothorlla 
515  vaouo  aaolo 


5^26  XiciuldiQ  miblbus 


13  auroa  toota 


636  utro  tabo 

635  ';dlo  aotito 

Mt  ..anigoraa  p^otidas 

693  Pl#iayriuii!  undoeum 


Book  IV, 


81  oadantia  aMttM 

464  ratti:;  pionm 

460  ladantQM  aol^xa 

486  ttporlforun  p^apavar 

490  noctiirnas  laanaa 

506  fronda  ftmoraa 

522  pXacldULi  eo]  onm 


Book  V, 


614  profundum  pontuB 
5B8  irolantla  aldora 
646  Yagla  nutrix 
666  atvam  faTlXlaa 


tonpostaa  atra 


V 


37  nigranai 


610  niibts  oava 
819  oaflruleo  ovrro 
835  nox  vmiM 
866  aataritia  Xiusiim 

Book  V1t« 

410  oaaniXoair.  fuprltt 
462  nootoffi  profuJtdam 


560  fla^HBdJi  torrantitou* 


iC' 


knmy0  mMStmm.  §M 


ac 


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8i[ 


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80  o«  rabldtuR 
MS  TontoMt  aoquofm 
401  axeangudo  umbras 
T80  vubllmdo  anliiA0 
&50  aurgontia  sideta 
725  Titania  Aatra  (?) 

IS  fteratoA  ssSjran 
17  saaidgori  Buao 
26  aurora  lulaa 
180  lanl  blfrontia 
Sfi7  frondcois  mcnti)m0 
JJ46  oaorulola  orinibua 
M^B  vasta  aacpora 
702  ©llsnti  fioottt 
8ol  atza  palue. 


ip 


avnltf 


S4  oaeruXaiia  fli^brifi 
IS?  AothoriOB  ©irt>0o 


12K)  rmxia  Invia 
488  oandldUi  pMitora 
IBl  li^tonaa  iuv  jnta 
5C2  fumfaros  ign&n 
671  aoqiio88B  hianMi 


8  ii  id  3  ream  aideiu 
IX  fdra  Kartlisss 


mtsm  ailox 


00S  nivaa  vitta 

67^  o#iifmli«  virantl 

729  naiKoreo  aaquora 

§47  01  Irani la  aora 

WSM  fronts  laata 
Book  ^11* 

767  ..Ivi.ira  aot.  '...a 


076    CUXBU 


Ido 


dll  oaXoros  pLintas 
74^  Uontcoad  Horsaa 
XM  noctlH  orionta  elgiiA 
704f  pis^^iA  ®t  t>^acaballa  ara 
Bianaa 


Book  ^'III 

soil  oanaiO* 

684;  iroXatile  fex*niBi« 

Book  32* 

40C)  orooaun  oubiXa 
S9C>  MXa9om  aai^ittas 
2SI»  fortuna  Motoite 
7X4t  Algrao  haranao 
7#<>  atri  vuinoris 

took  3:, 

IXii  atra  voraglna 
5821  Tai\a#  iimbrati 


J^ 


fiiC'V     ' 


•mr 


*  ^^ff-'^r>  «nT 


»Anc 


aJhiMiijv  XX 1/^  ^^^i'T 


***r:l   #iw   r^ 


1ft  A 1 


«• 


,*■  f  I 


•ft  t««i'" 


•■SS* 


T3  fao«  atfm 
479  farxo  Aauto 
74§  netemajii  noatoai 


11  onaori  ©burmj;: 


SB 


orin3« 


69  nollifj  ylolM 

69  langtiantis  hyaointhis 
W6  pace  fivqiiiiitra 
143  funoroas  faoas 

193  onaoo  d -ocrcMi 

194  fozHontos  rotas 
roi  nox  udida 

&&a  volucma  flagjtttaa 
G40  phaotyata  oa^iilla 
795  voluoras  ouras 


1 


143  fufioraa 


746  forrons  soamu® 


look  XI« 


£74  ladirlraoaie  vocibuo 

270  oaoiaatla  oon  ora 

itt  pMtatant  i  I7UJ3  armlo 

298  clauac  gurgita 

B98  rariios  armaa 

186  vivida  virtiia 

318  dluros  oolios 

4I>8  Tfxiiol  pur  Btagna  loqtiaoia  oyonl 

867  AathariUTi  Oiymr«uiB 

574  laoulo  aouto 

913  rojjouo  Pliodbua 


B7  albo  orichaloo 

137  oaaloBtlbua  amda 

167  aaatlgcrl  3U6o 

100  oulido  farrs 

198  Jfumr   bifrontom 

248  lltoraas  avoa 

884  f^rrans  Imborsf  a  ohow»3r  of 
darto  In  bii.ttla 

304  rlgido  «ns<i 

358  Moigumants  Kavoas 

394  dolaras  sag! t  as 

608  ii«rpuraoa  tmiottia 


Book  Xll. 

310  farraus  aoiJEam 


310  ao 


450  atruffl 


nootom 


415  voliiorr38  Bag  itaa 


419  o-lorifarai;;  paa< 


478  ra* Ido  on 


598  vaoiiaa  aviraa 
683  atrl  turblnls 
518  piaoosao  iamaa 
606  f lavoo  otixmm 
663  x«i  ido  ourau 


^tittJri 


r>  Mi 


a*'? 


e    t:iT;v 


8 


Ss' 


§1,' 


imp 


miw 


^'f. 


fiuJ 


^T-' 


.r  _•■•.- 


1  •-. 


ftiflftM^tt  wnr 


;.iT    2i!^%f. 


/J  sjfXe: 


:(u  i.  r      >/v  .  x:    ,/..*• 


ij-.^V    Gx^ 


UmCtfJI   KfMMMMT '  Wtn 


JTiit:^     * 


.  Vi  I 


M.  msmcfmZq  dXd 


•# 


c. 


■a 


JiijtH 


fj  SUJt 


.  %.       w 


0©r*Jbi  f: 


•mt^in:  «»iai»tx&t  Ml 


♦  ■•"(Bt'l/w'to.,*'  ■■  ■iw*t,.j»  *rin|||»  iryir  „j. 


fftf^Bfl    Sf 


■Ijf     Rff'H 


ajS'Ti/n 


•0 


'H   lb 


I . 


■'■mn  TBI 


•  ."XOt    O; 


•  .^™.   A  ^ 


. «,.  1.  .t 


'MUMMIm    3'H 


%•  viwiiiAi  a  •^"■'-fii.t  afttmiti  tat 


'^ 


■v 


tofinod  tyi«r.^  ao  hu  air  ady  \tmn  iKtod.       lliiXo  this  mo  mm%  wi^ 
dont  in  tho  oaea  of  pioturaaque  mOi  p  It  wll^  bo  Mm|  though  In 
m  Mallor  Oosroet   in  auch  ax-xo  i^^ion  a©  "liquid  I&y.08«|  "wt  wtoo^t 
•tc.       Thoso  ffordB  oall  forth  into  rioainanoo,  foaturos  of  an  objaot  w 
which  ar3  •obsouro  on  ao  cunt  of  thoir  obviousmaee*.         Ax*  lakoo 
aro  liquid  and  al .  wwoji  aro  woti  but     wo  o?o  look  this  faaturo 
unloae  it  is    ado  promlnontt         An  ad.joctiva,   in  tho  ordinary  sonoot 
dotorminoo  lafjroly  tha  ciasa  oharactai-  or  loo  ttion  of  an  objeoti  an 
oplthot  of ton  lakas  Bom;  part  or  attilbuto  of  an  objoot  Important  by 
ovorahadowing  tha  whole  objoot  by  it  and  whin  this  foaturo  la  ono 
already  ougi-o  tod  by  tha  ncuh,^oal]    it  •ooeontial,* 

•Flint*  is  aij  O0t  oyronyBious  with  •Inrd",  yot  Vargil  bring©  this 
out  at 11     mora  oloarly  by  aiylng  •duja  oiiox"  in  VI,  471 |  oo  also 

•duris  ofjsibus^  IX,  66*     (^Oonpara  the  English  axpraooion/'as  hard 

"  \ 
aa  bone •  J    •Duro  forro*  CHSaure  in  VI,   lAQ. 

Hight  iij  apokon  of  ao  "dark*  nine   tii.os  in  tlio  Arnold,  aa  ■nox 
atra«,  I,  S9,  in  tho  dUiioription  cf  tho  otow  whon  •oablo  nir:ht» 
olto  brooding  o'or  tho  Ooop.*       fho  iojbo  oocurs  also  in  II,  seOf  ?»  til 
VI,  37S,  VI,  866;  X,   160  ami  If,   570,       fhon  Aliacto  vioito  |umu8  at 
Ardoa  and  finds  hlin  anjoyin:.  rr;  aa  at  iil^night,  the  word  uarsd  for 
»dai1^»  is  •nigra*  and  tho  night  of  olcudo  which  wao  to  ovir^-ohadov 
tho  liuntinr  rarty  was  •opaoa",  IV,  122, 

In  I,  141,  •oarooro^  would  ha-vo  convtsyod  ti.a  idoa  of  ••Closdft^for 
0|>on  prison  ie  not  a  prison  at  all|  any  iior  i  than  "dry  wator*  would 
b€(  watar,  yot  Vargli  oaye  "olauso  oaioorti^t         •Pax*  would  naturally 
Ifiiply  qulat,  but  he?  says  •plaolda  paeo't  ^%  ^^^^i  *^  in  VIII,  SMt 
Similar  to  thooo  ard  t   **plaaid£4  iUiota*i  IX,  Ittf  ▼»  iS6t  •plaoidaii; 
quiotom*,  I,  6§1  and  XT,  5|       o  bow  could  hardly  bo  thought  of 


>  tl 


u« 


,::^tvt^3^     -^  ZXj^jAmkmjJ!^ 


lis 


'■^    e'l';:.,:iT 


0|J 


m 


>AJ  . 


;'■  .  „  ...:f  . 


*<itmi 


,1.  -^  •..»■  s,   I, 


i"l|l  :i i'      ..     .   ».■     .il.';*., 


I>   Y-.'^  ivct   '    '  "fi  if«^    "X 


.rv 


»i 


4.  .i^ 


•icfrfrw  t^cJ^• 


f, 


« '.•'^'  "^   ^ 


«i! 


i^Mlt 


%<'    Ml 


J     aii 


;i.^ 


.  -r  ) 


■"i«t||r'h(iii*i 


•rft  ^ 


,^;i«  ■',... £lf'-   * 


I"     •l:Clfflfl 


k.^ 


V  ■  fc* 


•■       V    ''a.*  >,    .ipX^  V  .    «.,, 


♦  **    't;.  ^>i.^)0    .••■5  7.:j^d^ 


111 


(" 


1/t 


•>X      fIC       r 


.  Ai 


;) 


11 


m- 


*  "^i^''^^  < 


»'■      «•     ,r  'h      «    .Jl  u     I  .j.n<        «4       A' 


V 


•#  xkbxA 


"eoAq  Ajuicjbj^-*  cfaa  erf'  ftfif'  .i%M^  fi 


•»-■'  %  i 


m4  #      ii  i'Vi  jytii  I'M  fi  ^%«#tiii9? 


ethoar  ttmn  •b8nt«,  but  Voygll  writes  •tjMMBB  *«<»»•  In  ▼,  §00,  or 
•^aXldl»  Tl,ribuo'  in  the  amm  llnot       mai^M  vlrea*  otcuxa  too 

Tlw  waves  AM  •XiqwidM  uuda.i*  III  t,a60;   •itaiBos  f  xuotuB»  in  T,  Iff 
tad  V,  776;   •viOa  ttaltja*,  V,  IWl  •fliiyiaiibiiB  undia*  in  IX,  7U. 
to  also  find  •inaria  uzalda*,  ?,   S04t    •lami©    -iqvldo««,  If ,  SSi  Ud  • 
»vloa  llquont3a«  Y,  nSB  and  V,  776. 

•Diaoi*  probably  ropMift  tlm  moat  iroMncnt  id^a  euggtsted  Hf 
•naotaro*   in  I,  455,    iikowi»«  »fragiiirtia  r:;aXXa",   I,  436,  "lltiiiantia 
i!iolla»,  I,  4321  •urilda  malla*,  XT,  4a6,       In  II,  53.  the  epitlmt  and 
noun  aro  fror   th«  aamo  at0R##*oa»ma  oavarna©^. 


mil 


Othar  «xampifl8  of  the  «»nontial  apltliot  are   t'mmm  fWaatxas  ,  I- 
534?   •aaisur.  oudor-,  11,  173J  -ratitlufl  torrona",  II.  o05;  -aapriB  wnt- 
itouB",   II,  3791   -oaTao  a«<l«8»,   II,  <m\   •oavc  antro",   III,  C41| 
•lanig^rae  ov<.o-,  HI,  660|  •oandoro  niTalo-,  HI,  538;   ••axo  opaoo* 
YIII,  311;   •naiausmbxlfsrurj",  VI,  4^3;   "aarlas  auras",  T,  520; 
•fturaa  aothrlaa*,  IV,  445,  VXl,   557;   "tanuer.  ai:nu=» ,   IT,  878; 
•longaavos  sonae*,  V,  715}    •tami^ut itao  3on«««*,  I,   58}    •vol'fendis 
BonBllJue-,   I,  289!   •volVontibu«  anniB»,   I,  834;  vantoeio  follibu*" 
VIII,  449;    •var.lra  oava*,  X,  475;   •lanpiuida  duias*,  XII,  «08}  also 


•tonaoi     foroli>a»  in  VIIJ,  453.  i^  Jll 


^yLo^^jA^ 


In  »h9  epUodo  relating  to  th«  ;ari  las,  xH.     .^n  ooiuiaal  thai* 
••ords,  b\it  TMtil  •*y»  "^^^  ***y  ^'^*-'  o^noaaiad  •word*.* 

•Hand  aoaam  »c  Inaai  faolunt  teotosquo  par  hsx]M» 
Dlsronunt  aiuwa,  at  .scuta  latar.tia  oondunt^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^ 

Th«  •hlaUB  ara  not  •hid.ion'  nur  ««  tto  aworda  •oono.alad* 
until  the  eomrlotlon  o'  tha  aot  axj^awad  by  "ooniunf.       This  U 
cocuionly  oartad  •prolopaia".  .    Th.  iwrning  la  hardly  tte  .a^^o  «|^7^^ 
ms  •Mllad  th9  Mui  dead,'  but  rat  »r  •kiiiad  tha  daad  .mu'      «»  7^; 


.T 


7    >      ^ 


QOi    ^it 


tr^fi^ 


♦•■  tf 


♦  «^ 


• 

4V„.S.'^ 

■='  .  IT  mi 

'<.<':^    if       /U       *■..;;....•                                             £t       |r 

/jiif' 

ijiit 

:...^.fAfIl*     rreX     ,V    ,'■           m    MkMW^ 

11. 

ff  bfW 

3:X0^i«       ?i.QS      ,\r      ,*::••     ■     SH    aJ'-Cftlftt 

.     ©1 

•'9'^'^  .  y  i>sm  ita  ,f  *•  ■ 

..    JUliT*- 

*i.- 


rtX!^ 


^ 


•'<^t-«2^--'L^  -^ 


-ySUtJL 


^"'V'U  ^-^^'^ 


la 


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.,rt  ^ 


t'i  illr:; 


ti 


^''■-^■^j'-    «.«•§■   |T            ■'•                   t 

.• 

•^        ■                                  -  ., -«'f    '1t«f  #§ 

^'     -  » 

'  '•   '>m  mm.um^^  {^•^- 

*■  . 

"'©    4  III    |%0V0     ti;,:.       ,  ■  ...  .ff JSX'"* 

*J    iii^ilt/ " 

Illli&fl'*'     ! 

j:   ^r. 

-  •       «j:.iY  ^^,-4.  ,fi  ^  ^. 

e;        ,    , 

♦   I 

^     :--rr«    ->^|.fi||jrf.vr  .  .-**                     T       i? 

ft 


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X.  .X  rf  .i  *  .J»i 


% 


P^Biiagt  from  imU  luot^a  by     Qmm^  U-unt«t««  tli«  um  of 
olaarlyt 

"So  ttos#  two  brothora  with  thiix  ffiiur4«z«d  mim 
Boda  pMt  Fior#noe,» 

Jujaot  If  60,  »ayB  to  Aeolus* ? 

•Xn<mt«  vim  vantls  irul»ntrsaq\Mi  obruo  imp|«»« 
iaaanlng,  not  thQ  ol;lp«  alnady  «iibiargad,  but  ©itlwir  thMa  ttet 
wara  to  bo  sunk  until  sulxBargad  (fuotativa),  or  tho»a  iiliiiiiiiiA  im 
antittimtion.         Aanoai*  smys  to  DMo,  II,  4,  tlmt  mtm  lias  askad  Jiie 
to  rolato  ho\^  tha  teoak*  dlstxoyad  •Trolaims  Qym  at  iaaantabiXa 
mm^f  whoraM  Troy  vme  net  •laiiiontubiie  ragnijfii«»  utitll  thl..  griaX 
upon  tha«.       Hota  alao,  III,  141,  3icw  Siriu©  bumad  up  the  •stariia 
flald£^,» 

▼han  Moroury  ap|<iarad  to  Aeneas:  -at  Oarthiia,  x       nding  hl»  dt 
hie  nagiaatad  Aaatiny,  I?,  »M,  Vergil  axolaimi     •cjiio  niino  raginaa 
ainbiro  furontoia  aiidaat  adfaturT*  ui:  ming  the  qwnn  who  wmlA  M 
•raging*  whon  tha  nam  mui  toll  har.        m  also  ©iBaka  of  Did©  aa  • 


•fcorlantla  iSlieae*,  IV,  010,  whan  l.e  niaaiia^  not  Uliaa  wfho  is  ^ing^ 

Imt  T^  ^ho  is  about  to  dia,         'T^'tju^.^^UoJ^^  

Aanoaii  and  Latinus  in  Book  IX  »ra  niakiiig  an  agra«aant  by  ifhiok 

•tha  qimrral  Ih  sattlad*         lanaas  states  tha  tafM  ami  iHiH  t# 

In 

abida  by  thomi  Latimi©  atretohing  forth  his  banda  anaam  by  •tha 
infernal  vm9T  of  tha  god©»*~»yij»qiK:!  doim  tnf^mmm^  at#«       Tlia  i4aa 
of  tha  phanuia  ie  not  "by  tha  iflifigriuil  powar  of   tha  gate*,  ^l^by 
tlia  povar  of  thQ  infernal  gada«^      In  auab  oasaa,  wliaii  thMi  aiiitiaf 
batra  a  x^^aaning  whloh  balonfn  to  aaaia  othor  umm  in  Iha  iteaaa,  it 
tt  tWlad  •tranafarrad*  opithflt        In  •ai^n  mUt  iWttliia  ^mf^^  f | 
139,  obviously  tha  thaiifM  Is  m*  It  mmtmrnA  byt  it  iBlt  if  HjAxa 
agraod  with  •sonitum^,  imitoad  af  vitli  •tuba»,  and  ba  mmM  ttf 
Bot  tha  sound  of  tha  clear  tru«ipat,  but  tha  alear  soundiag  blast. 


:P 


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tt 


^-♦t^ 


0^  .■■■■'^ 


^Mt^aiJ   iX   ^ffUtt^ 


ggfip    ft»T?;r;T-n^  ^xX'    ■* 


lit  naif'  muA  ^iMiiliiftMf' 


t^kiUlWWik   •#    ai; 


ov   tit  f. 


)  i^er 


B9m 


m$  &i  H'lC'tw 


i 


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:§#        *, 


^"'   ot 


•»        4., 


X  AX 


tx^'.    till  .«a«XJi  e^al       »ii(ii!t  0#<|;ii' 


•  <• 


t     5jTtm  OmO*       ?:. 


j: 


W  i   . 


p    0; 


•v   ,  ,    ■«■ 


10 


'? 


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^.^tAlAIv^  *  \)yj^^.j,A^_.,^^ 


M 


t  ttjir  «wi 

m.^  Mf    • 

•  in* 

,fl 

of 

f  •#*'.. 

1                                  '            ■■              ■       - 

;:-ii.VVV.'I 


j.'i7v<.' .    L,  ; . 


fj., . 


lU 


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ia/irtT*Xi 


'?r:;-^''*»— ♦'tbaii  tilt  t©  «i>ii^  l«iri«liil 


I 


.^-     ■  ■  -  ...     .  .^.'.-  .,;:,cf  iiiilii'  '911 ;:fU: 


I 


•fi7« 


ibly  tto  liOAt  mmmm  momitmtim  «!  tlii»  tmmfmn^4.  •pittet 
iM  in  the  u&e.  01  "fifiii*  titmigh  itn  u0<»  i&  alnoat  ••  99mmn  M 
to  dtprlT*  it  of  tha  oddMon  atttuiUiig  otlMir  oute.         In  Book  ?, 
164t  Oyms  urgos  Mb  pilot  Miino«t«i,  to  etiok  to  the  ahor®,  but 
19  •toered  to  tha  open  soa  Iimmim     h»  f#Hred  th«  *t>Iiiid 
(•Moa  sajm).       the  tocliB  «»ro  not  blind,  but  thay  wmm 
to  hlR  as  if  ho  woro  blind,         Aonaat  loaviiig  tho  Sil^l^s  omwm 
ponders  m9T  the  •blind  dirMte*  (oaooos  ovontoa)  whioh  sho  ham 
Mig#»t«d«         This  ia  not  a  p«n«r. if ioat ion  but  a  trimafar  of 
i4M  by  ci;ana  of  tha  epithat,  aaA  Moaiie  ovantu  to  ifhloh  Aan^aa 
blind.* 


Uiiod  Alloy*)  /{^:„4_    t^\.^  \ 


Compare  alBOt'Caroare  oaaoo*  1?I,  734j   •oaaoiti  u»biri»»  Til,  610| 
•Caooa  /nurrn:^ra»  X,77;   ■oaeoiUi  vulmis^  X,  755|   •paxiv^tibua  oaaoii* 
▼  ,  589j   "oadoam  nootom"   II,  597|   "oacioa®  for«30»  II,  453|   •oaooi©- 
«•  lat«bri8«,  III,  4ri4;and  III,  Z^Z%     •saxis  oaooia"  III,  706| 
•oaaoo  later!*  II,  ICO)   "oaooiB  undia*  III,  8v>0|  "vada  oa^ioa*  X, 
5M«       (tOH^ara  Inglish,  **B. 

•J^to  obaoura*  ooour©  in  II,  4S0,  and  •nox  otaoiira*  in  ff|  «it.| 
itea  thd  moaning  ie  that  objoata  aro  obaouro  an  ao  ^oiait  of  tho  night  § 
•nootdm  in  nommm^  IX,  166,  la  paxallol  to  our  sngliQh  oxpvoaaioii 
"I  aj;»nt  a  alaopla»«  night. • 

In  •Xteaae  aaoro  da  vertioa*  X,  ^30,  it  1b  doultful  nlMitliot 
Targil  mf?anfi,  "tho  tor  of  fMMd  lcla«  or  "th«  aaorad  tor   of  Ida*, 
•M  tha  aamn  nay  bo  aaid  of  *lfafaaa  regaator*  Olyzapi*  in  X,  4S7* 
*Adraati  pallontia  iirngo**  YI,  480,  say  »aa  *^tlio  pala  iuaga  of 
Adraatua,*  or  the  •irmgo  of  p«ile  Airaatua** 

*Sodaa  boataa"  TI,  659 »  coana  *  arreting  plaoaa  of  tha  happf*^** 

« 

aot,  *hapvy  roating  plaoaa* {  Ukoaiao  *oaatu]a  fubUa*  flH$  4X&, 
♦¥ot©  aiiao  in  i^roaa  "piaiiiB  loac  grasit  iira»i**--^raat  |., 


MBlMM««l|pHiaM««M 


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liir'aE'miaiaiiiaMi.ii../   -;-,  ■.-ir-rrarjwn.-^-f itit",  ■iB-ffl 


not  th.  oouoh,  but  tha  paraon.    .Vlrua  fortU  oorpoxa-  I,  • 
108,  and  XII,  328,  doea  not  m,an  what  it  actually  .ays.  but  -fortU 
agraos  with  •viruin*  In  waning. 

The  following  are  Boar-hat  doubtful,  but  nay  bo  classed  aa 
tranaferred  epithats:  gelidoa  fines..  VIII,  159;  -latos  populoe,- 
I,  8265  nngantea  popuiog" ,  VIl,  475j  -oaeoo  ieni,'  IV,  2;  ►oaaol 
Ignas"  in  17,  209. 

Thasa  oomprise  all  the  transferred  epltheta  »o  far  located  in 

ieneid.         . "  %isi,,J^J^-  ^^^.^jUutMj  — 

Horace  epeaks  of  "pallida  mora,"  aiid  Vergil  makae  similar 
xafarenoe  to  It  In  -frigida  mors,'  ato.,    it  ia  evident  that 
•  uoh  an  abstraot  thing  as  death  could  ^laye  no  quaUtiea  by  whioh 
it  could  be  branded,  except  in  the  rjsulte  it  is  able  to  bring 
about.    Thus  the  above  epithets  ai..  called  •potential*  beoauae 
they  aaoribe  directly  to  a  noun  that  which  the  noun  poBsesses 
potontially  and  not  actually.    it  Is  not  "pale  death"  but 
•death  tliat  uakes  aien  pale.*   In  Bock  IV,  385,  Dido  in  her  paaslon- 
ato  outburst  against  Aenuas,  foroasting  her  fate,  says:"  "Cun 
l.y>S^.^g.  £oriB^nima  reduxerit  artus  omribus  uabra  ioois  adero*  and  ' 
by  "frigida  nors*  she  j.oans  "death  ttat  lakee  one  cold." 

A  very  good  illustration  of  this  potential  epithet  ie  in  the 
•oene  in  which  Aonsae  enters  the  lower  world.    He  finds  'Griefs  • 
"avenging  oares",  (ultrioes  curae) ,  and  "Fals  dlBeases' .  (palientea 
Uorbi),  with  "trietis  Soneotus"  stationed  at  the  doors. 

The  imagee  may  have  looked  p*4e ,  is  Vergil  epsaks  often  of  the 
pale  uhadee  of  those  below,  but  the  i  waning  of  ►pallentes  aorbl" 
ie  clearly,  "diseases  that  make  pale,"  and  likewise  "tristis 
SaooctuB,"  may  be  interpreted  as  "Old  age  that  makes  men  sad." 


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tHat  liAd^i  thorn  happy  in  thoiiiii,^  wmot  to  th^  OMd,  for 
•uwly  it  oouid  not  be  a  happy  honof  oth^irwiao  to  oaltbrato  th« 
death  of  Anohiata  m  thay  mtfi  doing,  ^h^' 

l#pt«ne,  Bool:  I,   127 9  riilBm  his  fplaoidm  oaput»)  above  thtt 
wavao  and  «till^  tlw  stoim  which  tho  pot^^ntial  apithot  'pjiaciaiui* 
for«d^ta,        •Triatas-tima;;*,   I,  i;3a,  ::Ay    .can  •ruins  timt  i;iako 
aad»  and  hanto  ia  potantiali  "atro  Vimono»,  II ^  2J;i,  yoism  that 
on«^  livid.       Parsons  ^rho  havo  bo  n  fxightonod  Ljiy  raoognisa  tha 
potontUX  alemant   in  •frigidiia  horro:f«,  III,  it.  •   -     . 

The  paradoxical  epithet  as  tho-niwn  impliafc  is  one  whioh  in  f#m 
aontradlotK  ItB  notm,  aa  •living  doa^:h»,  oto*        f^  ajuimploa  of  tfMl 
oactir  in  the  Aondid,  and  th -^e  bordair  BOie  vhat  on  thoae   nlaajlma 
atyled  •auggoatitra** 

Alieoto,  VII,  456,   huria  tho  firitbrand  with  its  l}IaoV    lirht 
•tttro  IXMBina*  and  Oaoiia  aciit/biaok  riTma*,  (fatxo©  ignao^,  VIIX,  X9i» 
In  XI,  166,   tho  funarai  firtis  built  liy  Aonaaa  and  Tarohon  aond  forth 
tlji^ir  "bxaok  iighto.* 

•Oalidua  aiidor*,  III,  I75t  and  •nivo  aaxo*,  1,  167,  might  ba 
takon  as  paradoxioal ,  and  oertainly  in  X,  746 1  whara    Marfantiua 
'  alay©  Orodaa  and  •dura  qnioa*  sattlai  down  nvm  him*       In  lY.  M4t 
Bido  siaakB  of  the  •atris     ignibua^  ihioh  woa  a  ooBBcon  fora  of 
paradox.         •Invia  via*,  III.  SBi,  it  a  gcod  axaapla  alBO  of  tha  para»«- 
ioxioal  epithet* 

8o  fax,  I  have  attaiptad  to  give  ai.  the  astosplaa  iiiMtar  aMh  tffi« 
lifh  the  following  typoa»  I  ahall  give  illuat  rat  ions,  but  in  moat 
oaaaa  not  ail  the  ajwuaplat  ^rtiioh  oaoiir  in  tha  Aanoidt 


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loaaionaliv 

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•ir«nta  Haotoroa*,   I,  r:73t       Thla  •plti»t  tlRio  ofttn  stands  for  & 
gonitlvo,  at:  in  ^Aoncia  nutrix*,  VII,  1,  or  ••ooptra  Prlaii©!**,  Vll, 
Sf>2,  T7hlf3h  niaani  •nuree  of*  or  "apf^ai  of*  priioarlly* 

Othisr  exMploa  aro  •airta  latorna",  VIIIj  2^7,  •arU  maslstra*, 
VIII,  44^1   •noonla  PalXantea,*  IX,  im^   "Tyrrlt-mtimqua  c-aaum*,  VII, 
4SJ      •fetain^o  ululatu*,  IX,  477,  mnd  IV.  667|     •A«noia  pupia", 
X,   156;   •Martla  our©u»,  XI,  esii   •foitroaa  asmina* ,   >:i,  S',*^!   •amll#» 
brlbua  aTT.ifl»,  XI,  687 1     •fumineo  a^cr^*,  Xl,  782 j     •f«ninsu« 
olamoraia*,   xi,  878}   •fratoma  oaridoa*,   IV,  21  j   •fratarna  litora»«  V, 
24|»H'^otoreos  awnoa*,  V,  654;  •por^ilaribiiB  auris*,  VI,  fil6?   "Palaaga 
art3«,   TI,   idP.i   "lAortla  ragna«,  II,  '^7S. 

Th«  UBO  of  thia  epithot  doea  not  sr  atiy  aaoaad  tha  aiMiplas  abovt 

Tho  •goo£;rax)liioaX*  or  itliota     m  d  vaiy  iittla  daf  Inltion  or  oxpla^ 
nation,       Tb^  ©xamploa  balcir  which  ari  praotioaliy  al^  of  tha  aaaa 
typa  illustrato  VoTgil»f5  uea  cf  this    .(^ans  of  adding  brevity  to 
axpxo'^.slon,  i 

The  ■feniati^avaa*  (Ton4^H8-firtr<rfeuag^r--XIIf-  B7X)  maant,  of  oouxaa, 
""ttm-iyayaa  ^t-4Jbs^  Ionian  ma  a-^i4r~4h€-^cTriiBUon  •Blauiia  undia",   III, 
696,   has  tho  oan«  raftirsnoo  tc  Siolly.       Of  a  raor«  ooirpraesod  ty;a 
la  •Vfjnarl  Idaliaa*,  V,  761,   or  •Idaa  m  Jovom",  VII,   139, 

fhla  i-jplthat   i»  found  a©  followat  •TSuboiois  0Tla»,  VI,  2;   •Sibyoo 
ourau*,  VI,  2>o6t  •Uviaaquo  litora*,    C,  Zt  •Siaulaa  talluria»,  I,  54| 
•Irgiyaa  Htlonaa*,  I,  650|     •Trlnaoriii  unda»,   III,  364|     •Trlimorla 
Aatna*,   III,  r.r-45      *Fhxygia  Ida*,   IX,  80 j   •tourantia  ijrva»,   IX,  1  ;0| 
•Thralola.  Sar^n*,  VII^JOe^__^^;!^^^^  

Mythojlogioal  opith^ta  a  a  thoaa^wiiioh  jraftjr  to  a  rayiholc  i#al  mi 

t     lota  that  these  epithets  ar^  often  imad  far  thalr  suggajtiv^ 
i«aMiatiOQa  ma  wall  aa  gaographioal  :.o#ati«tt« 


— WMWWWWWi'  ■  II" 


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Mt  *  x«al  things  or  jxtmiwi,  wi  »I«tli»#o  xoro*,  ?,  BM,  o»  ^IstfiMW 
fraty^a*!  Ill,  678^       Troy  w^m  po©:  ibly  r^ai|  tmt  •lipttmia  Trola«, 
111,  3  and  II,  6J)5,  imm  laythologlcial. 

Other  i»fai«AO#«  axe   t     »tei'iia!aiiiiit<||ie  H«0attmi»  If,  511 1 
•Satujfnla  Toliu0»,  VIII,   62^ \  ^    •Btygla  carina*,  VI,   3911   »Taitax«iMi 
ouittoJaw*,  VI,  395;   «l.dthaou2i  fiuadn*,  VI,  74©|     •§yolopia  aajca*,  X, 
Mix     *l»o  •Titania  astrsL',  VI,_72b.  ,       a.   ^/    ^ 


?atran|mio  ei  ithota  ooour  f  xtictucntiy,  eoi..#tl  ea  alone ,  as 
•Polldao*,  V,  BOB,  or  aoooc*  anted  by  a  naro,  ae  **Xaiiida  Palimira*,  Vf 
842,       Boiaatlnaa  it  ladana  not  "isona  of*,  but,  **foilowor8  of*  as  ^§m^ 
nc«ada<i*   ^Moh  %%  ofton  \iBdd,   though  tb®  prir^ary  ;:ieaBlnr    ie  •olilldrsm 
of.» 

"ABpMtryonladaa*,  VIII,  214j   "B«ii«il4dia*  Tatloqua*  (alao 
^tliologioai*  VIII,  658|     •Itridae^'i  IT-»  ©02 j   »Anoliiciad«£*,  I,  8t«f 
«P<iliJUi<j»,  ni,  550t  V,  BU8J  •Ataaidaa*,  VI,  SS>  •C^cropiOa^*  (alM 
«Qrtholcgical>,  VI,  2X\   •Anciii^lado* ,  VI,  34o|*Tydid4»,   I,   ^7|    *?lliaB>» 
idan  Halamici*,  III,  3955  •Saturnia  Ji;no«|  M  giv^sn  in  •oonwntional* 
elMdt     "aara-mntid©  Kyaplia*,  17,  ioet  ftxt  all  good  ajamtplja  af 
t55i5  use.         Many  contain  mythologiosl  ref^ronojB  and  e^an  hiatorlaal 

Bmphatlo  apltlieta  usually,   if  not  alwayai  coiielat  of  a  partlolpla 
In  ^onnaotion  with  a  noun,  ao  uaod  flat  the  oaipteala  ia  put  moria 
tha  3plthet  than  th3  word  with  «rhioh  it  la  uaed*         •Prolapaa 
II,  555,  K«ana  more  of  the  •falling  «;»£•  than  of  Troy  itself,         Ste» 
ilarly,  •doaarti  ooningla  iraii^t  II|  ryftf  "urbi  caytaa*,  II,  5431 
••iiniaattT.  Anahiotin*,  V,  6i.4|  •Inaenaaii  Trolaii*,  II,  555 j  •eroptaa  wiMm^ 
g:LniB*,  II,  4131  •attiaaaa  parentis*,  III,   341.       ?nia  typot  t'hmflk 
T%xf  ootanion  In  proae  uaagSf  px         ts  i*a  te«r  rarlotias  ^m  to  naaA 


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tkir«  T^min  awemi  ipitlwts  af  41fr«reiit  f#litiift  fwwrriiig  mm 
cr  leD3  fraiuontly,  wMoh  I  bI^xII  montlm  bxlaflyi         Rho«lua*'|  at 
tho  hand  of  Buryalus,   11,  54®|  poure   forth  tho  •pminilo  lif#»— 
•piurpuxoai    aRiisam,* — thir^   ii  •maton^mioia*  ®pith0tt       *Oftiia  Ti4#8*t  I, 
8Wt  which  »ugr,Q0t»  purity,   10  •siigf ostivc"  aa  al0O,  "atra  diee^,  ¥1, 
489|   •oanatj  rastae**,  V,  *?4<|   "nigrl  oim  xacto  y  inoni* ,  IV,  514;   "i)*!* 
i«»tai.  \ur.bra0«,  l\\  S6|   •r^gna  pallida*,  VIII,  344,  «to. 

Xr.  VI,  31?.,  vthen  the  •ohllll.i^  ^aar*— ••frigiOuB  annuof— is 
ttpoke»n  of  f  only  a  part  of  the  y^aar  i  a  wnmt  which  arivda  tha  bird* 
Iwyond  the  urma  to  thiix  suniiy  ciir^fio;         Thi5  is  •isyivjcdocUioai* 
opithot  a«  poBLiibly  al^io  "auroa  tacta*  in  VI,  iSi         •Hiatwxioal* 
6pith©t8  n:ontion  UQm»  hlBtorical  fact,  jid  tho  i:.ythoio£;ioal  r»f«ap* 
oncer;  n-T.'t  rade  by  thcsa  of  that  ty|>0t 

^ifira  is  ono  typo  which  oocurs  in  such  forme  as  •Ijated  iifo^t 
or  •si';3<;t  lifo*,  ui»od  lio  oit^n  by  V  ri^i^^     ospooiaxxy  iii  ooj^ootion 
with  Dido,       ThoiiO  dciinota  fociingu  i^hioh  plac^  or.  ob^oot  ontirely 
as.  it  ax;  ears  to  one  partiouiar  i-iirttdri,  oftaii  imder  peculiar  ooiw 
ditionc,  «&anotuB  Sanatvia*   ic  ai^thar  exampie,  ©hewing  a  :  ental 

ttttitudd,  not  iiaorGd  abaolutaly,  but   iioid  ©aoxv^d  by  ttooe  wti© 
paeiod  judgxa'::*nt,in  tlio  rjatler*         •licctional*  lias  boon  nugraBtad  M 
a  olajio  nATtO  for  cil.   uuch  opithotft« 

Sotid   tyi-Tije  perhaps  havo  boon  gi^on  toe  little  attention  in  this 
paper,  but  tha  subjaot     ia  too  broac.  for  a  detailed  treatment  of  eatll 
(Separate  division,  eo  I  haire  preferred  this  general  diaeuesion  at 
thifi  ti  .0,  hoping  to  i^ropari  neparxie  pav>exe  on  la^rtlculax  pha»aa  of 
7crgil*fe  use  of  epltliot,  froa  tiue  to  tirjs. 


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